ECON 401 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Competitive Equilibrium

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ECON 401 Full Course Notes
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Every student is either a seller or a buyer of one apple. Each seller has some cost of producing one apple: , different for each seller. Profit from sale at price p: p - c. Each buyer has some value of eating one apple: , different for each buyer. Utility from purchase at price p: v - p. Competitive equilibrium is a spontaneously emerging order among market transactions. All trades occur at the price at which supply=demand. The number of trades equals supply (or demand) at this price. We can estimate demand if we are sure that only supply has moved. We can estimate supply if we are sure that only demand has moved. Example: when the u of m hired fewer people, demand, but not supply, changed. If we want to think in detail about a market, supply=demand is almost never exactly right.

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