HISTORY 244 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Allon Plan, Judaean Desert, Menachem Begin
Outline -- The Temporary Empire, 1967-1977
I. Overview
● Israel small ethnically unified country
● Then israel had 4x as much territory as start of the war
● Percentage of arabs under israeli control decreased
● Labor govt in israel hoped to return most of the land in exchange for peace and
recognition from the arabs
● 1977- deal became unlikely
○ Labor said the chance for peace was unlikely
○ No deal that allowed israeli security would gain arab approval
● The temporary empire began to become permanent
II. Territories Seized in 1967
●
Sinai- captured from egypt
● Largest of these territories
● Tiny, small population
● Israel had few historic ties to sinai
● Buffer between egypt and israel
● Egypt agreed to demilitarize sinai
● Israel would leave peninsula bc buffer zone would allow israel to be
protected from egypt
Gaza
● In some ways the opposite of sinai
● Tiny but densely populated
● 67- 350,000 pal refugees from 48
○ Extremely hostile to israel
● Gaza lay much closer to israel's population center than sinai
● Gazas proximity- it would be hard for israel to give up gaza without firm
security confirmation from egypt
W. Bank
● To give up gaza, even harder to give up west bank
● Reasonably substantial
● 670,000 people
○ Half were refugees and deeply hostile to israel
● Israel had much closer historic ties to the west bank than it did to sinai or
gaza
● All of jewish history was centered here
● Holds judaism's holiest sites
● Critical to israel strategically
● Overlooks israel's coastal lowland
● Israel’s narrow waist
E. Jerusalem
● Separated aran east jerusalem from rest of west bank and declared
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jerusalem included east and west were an eternal part of israel
● Old city in jerusalem is the heart of judaism
● If it were to return to hostile power, it could threaten w jerusalem once
again
Golan Heights
● Seized in 67
● Bc most residents fled here, it was virtually empty when israel took over
● No historic ties here
● Great strategic importance
● Elevation looks over israel galilee allowed for syrians to gun down
● Israel was unlikely to leave the golan w out security guarantees from syria
III. Security Council Resolution 242
● To obtain peace, what would israel have to give up
● Other countries thought israel should relinquish all of not most of territories they
received
● Emphasized forcible acquisition of territory is illegal
● Israel and western countries argued egypt started hostility
○ Crossing of aqaba and port of eilat
■ Against the law
○ Egypts goal was to destroy part of UN
○ Over Violation of UN charter
○ Sov UN allowed
● Resolution 242- was adopted unanimously by security council
○ Israeli withdraw from territories occupied in recent conflict
■ Unspecified domain - didn't demand full withdraw
■ French text-the territories
■ Also demanded that there be no more threats by arab states
IV. Labor's Calculations
● After election of ‘77 this would become israeli policy
● ‘69- labor had major victory and began to call all of the shots
● Labor ruled out a complete return to the pre June ‘57 conquests
● Labor wanted other changes in the west bank that it justified on security grounds
● Labor party leader - yigal allon
○ Allon plan
■ Semi official labor doctrine
■ Perm israeli defense perimeter in jordan valley and desert
■ Labor refused to assume right wing demands
■ Annexed great pal population block in west bank
■ Begin large scale jewish settlement all across the west plan
■ Arab heartland should be returned to jordan
■ Return all of the sinai and gaza to egypt
■ All of the golan to syria
■ If these areas were demilitarized
■ Labor sensed that the arab states would never accept israeli annexation
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Document Summary
Outline -- the temporary empire, 1967-1977: overview. Then israel had 4x as much territory as start of the war. Percentage of arabs under israeli control decreased. Labor govt in israel hoped to return most of the land in exchange for peace and recognition from the arabs. Labor said the chance for peace was unlikely. No deal that allowed israeli security would gain arab approval. The temporary empire began to become permanent. Israel had few historic ties to sinai. Israel would leave peninsula bc buffer zone would allow israel to be. In some ways the opposite of sinai. Gaza lay much closer to israel"s population center than sinai. Gazas proximity- it would be hard for israel to give up gaza without firm security confirmation from egypt. To give up gaza, even harder to give up west bank. Half were refugees and deeply hostile to israel.
