HONORS 232 Lecture 11: Lecture 11 Notes
Document Summary
Lecture 11 anatomical underpinnings: recognizing hominoid fossils, primitive catarrhine (hominoids and old world monkeys) features. Lower molar with expanded talonoid and five cusps* Quadrate upper molars* i. ii: maxillary sinus (lost in monkeys)* iv. Ethmo-frontal sinus (lost in monkeys, hylobates, and pongo): synapomorphies (shared or derived features) i. Big brain: skull size affected by brain, senses, and masticatory apparatus. Broad palates and nasal regions (but variable) and large anterior teeth: broad base of canines and a large tooth socket. Longer to mature (inferred from timing of m1 eruption) Postcranial features related to positional behavioral versatility ii. iii. iv. v. c. Two muscles elevate the mandible: masseter, temporalis, the muscle fibers contract to bite, gorillas have very strong muscles here ii. The center of rotation is the temporomandibular joint or the tmj: the jaw here functions as a lever, which is more powerful when further from the fulcrum, gators.
