NURS 245 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Hypoventilation, Theophylline, Bronchospasm
Document Summary
Causes of copd (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders) Excessive smooth muscle contraction via edema or constriction. Decreasing o2 delivery to 80, and increasing co2 delivery to 45, decreases concentration gradient for diffusion. The size of the tubes are smaller during expiration. Air trapping with over inflation of lungs. Periodic irreversible bronchospasm, mucosal edema and thick tenacious mucus. Fibrosis of basement membrane leads to permanent damage. 5-10% of population is affected: increasing in children. Radial traction - fibers that hold the tubes open in the alveoli. The obstruction and the passageway is too small for the air to come out. Increase in parasympathetics can be caused by smog, infections, cold air, aspirin that causes excessive bronchoconstriction. Air has low oxygen and high co2. Dyspnea - sensation of inability to breath. Over inflation of lungs due to air trapping. The epinephrine in the lungs will attach to beta 2 receptors that release camp that causes dilation.
