NURS 245 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Pulmonary Heart Disease, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Document Summary
Creation of pressure gradient-diaphragm contracted (goes down) you inspire diaphragm relaxes (goes up) you exhale. Must be innervated (it is smooth muscle): controlled by medulla. Depression of respiratory center a) b) c) d) Trauma-knock out the medulla and person losses ability to breathe. Increased intracranial pressure-will cause brain to swell and push down on the medulla. Interruption of nerve conduction-destruction of phrenic nerve a) b) c) poliomyelitis. Guillain barre disease-immune hypersensitivity (usually temporary) high severing of spinal cord-phrenic nerve between c3 and c4. Disruption of neuromuscular transmission: myasthenia gravis-destruction of acetylcholine receptor sites (destroyed by autoimmunity) innervate the diaphragm less and less. Muscular disorders: duchenne muscular dystrophy-weakening of skeletal muscle causes chronic hypoventilation leading to cor pulmonale. Kyphosis-forward hunch and can"t fully expand chest cavity b) Obesity: pickwickian syndrome-resistance is so great to pull muscles up due to weight and contracting of diaphragm is impeded by fat in abdomen sleep apnea (inability to expand the lungs due to weight)
