PSYCH 240 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Fergus I. M. Craik, Echoic Memory, Karl Lashley
Document Summary
Automatic processing: unconscious encoding of incidental info; occurs with little or no effort, without our awareness, and without interfering with our thinking of other things; space, time, frequency, well-learned info. Effortful processing: encoding that requires attention and conscious effort; memorizing these notes for the ap psychology exam. After practice, effort processing becomes more automatic; reading from right to left for students of hebrew. Can boost memory through rehearsal: conscious repetition of info, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. Next-in-line effect: when people go around circle saying names/words, poorest memories are for name/word person before them said. Info received before sleep is hardly ever remembered are consciousness fade before processing able. Retain info better when rehearsal distributed over time phenomenon called spacing effect: tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through cramming.
