BIOL 233 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Oligosaccharide, Rolled Oats, Amylose
Document Summary
Sugar : also known as sucrose; one glucose and one fructose. Simple carbohydrate : sugars composed of a single sugar molecule (a monosaccharide) or two joined sugar molecules (disaccharide) Glucose : the most abundant simple carbohydrate unit in nature; also referred to as dextrose. Usually joined to other sugars to form disaccharides, starch, or dietary fiber. In the body, glucose supplies energy to cells, glucose is virtually the only fuel used by the brain. Fructose : the sweetest of all sugars and occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables and honey; often added to foods in the form of "high-fructose corn syrup" Sucrose : commonly known as table sugar; composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. Provides some of the natural sweetness of honey, maple syrup, fruits, and vegetables. Manufacturers use a refining process to extract sucrose from the juices of sugar cane or sugar beets. Lactose : composed of one molecule glucose and one molecule galactose.