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ACCOUNTG 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Retained Earnings, Accounting Equation, Promissory Note

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School
UMASS-Amherst
Department
Accounting
Course
ACCOUNTG 221
Professor
Catherine West Lowry

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Document Summary

Recording business events under the accounting equation: businesses obtain assets from three sources, 1. Profitable operations/net incomes (retained earnings, revenue expenses) event 1: rustic camp sites (rcs) was formed on january 1 2011 when i t acquired ,000 cash from issuing common stock: rcs increases assets (cash) Known as: asset source transaction: double-entry bookkeeping: every transaction affects the accounting equation in at least two places. Event 2: rcs acquired an additional ,000 of cash by borrowing from a creditor. Event 3: rcs paid ,000 cash to purchase land. Event 4: rcs obtained ,000 cash by leasing campsites to customers. Revenue: an economic benefit a company obtains by providing customers with goods and services. Event 5: rcs paid ,000 cash for operating expenses such as salaries, rent, and interest. Expenses: assets and services consumed to generate revenue. Event 6: rcs paid ,000 in cash dividends to its owners.

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Related Questions

Measures of liquidity, solvency, and profitability

The comparative financial statements of Marshall Inc. are as follows. The market price of Marshall common stock was $82.60 on December 31, 20Y2.

Marshall Inc.
Comparative Retained Earnings Statement
For the Years Ended December 31, 20Y2 and 20Y1
Ā  20Y2 20Y1
Retained earnings, January 1 $3,704,000 $3,264,000
Net income $ 600,000 $ 550,000
Dividends: Ā  Ā 
On preferred stock (10,000) (10,000)
On common stock (100,000) (100,000)
Increase in retained earnings $ 490,000 $ 440,000
Retained earnings, December 31 $4,194,000 $3,704,000

Ā Ā 

Marshall Inc.
Comparative Income Statement
For the Years Ended December 31, 20Y2 and 20Y1
Ā  20Y2 20Y1
Sales $ 10,850,000 $10,000,000
Cost of goods sold (6,000,000) (5,450,000)
Gross profit $ 4,850,000 $ 4,550,000
Selling expenses $ (2,170,000) $ (2,000,000)
Administrative expenses (1,627,500) (1,500,000)
Total operating expenses $(3,797,500) $ (3,500,000)
Operating income $ 1,052,500 $ 1,050,000
Other revenue and expense: Ā  Ā 
Other revenue 99,500 20,000
Other expense (interest) (132,000) (120,000)
Income before income tax expense $ 1,020,000 $ 950,000
Income tax expense (420,000) (400,000)
Net income $ 600,000 $ 550,000

Ā Ā 

Ā Ā 

Marshall Inc.
Comparative Balance Sheet
December 31, 20Y2 and 20Y1
Ā  20Y2 20Y1
Assets Ā 
Current assets: Ā  Ā 
Cash $1,050,000 $ 950,000
Marketable securities 301,000 420,000
Accounts receivable (net) 585,000 500,000
Inventories 420,000 380,000
Prepaid expenses 108,000 20,000
Total current assets $ 2,464,000 $2,270,000
Long-term investments 800,000 800,000
Property, plant, and equipment (net) 5,760,000 5,184,000
Total assets $ 9,024,000 $8,254,000
Liabilities Ā 
Current liabilities $ 880,000 $ 800,000
Long-term liabilities: Ā  Ā 
Mortgage note payable, 6% $ 200,000 $ 0
Bonds payable, 4% 3,000,000 3,000,000
Total long-term liabilities $ 3,200,000 $3,000,000
Total liabilities $ 4,080,000 $3,800,000
Stockholdersā€™ Equity Ā 
Preferred 4% stock, $5 par $ 250,000 $ 250,000
Common stock, $5 par 500,000 500,000
Retained earnings 4,194,000 3,704,000
Total stockholdersā€™ equity $ 4,944,000 $4,454,000
TotalĀ liabilities andĀ stockholdersā€™ equity $ 9,024,000 $8,254,000

Determine the following measures for 20Y2. Round to one decimal place, including percentages, except for per-share amounts, which should be rounded to the nearest cent.

1. Working Capital $ Ā 
2. Current ratio Ā 
3. Quick ratio Ā 
4. Accounts receivable turnover Ā 
5. Number of daysā€™ sales in receivables Ā 
6. Inventory turnover Ā 
7. Number of daysā€™ sales in inventory Ā 
8. Ratio of fixed assets to long-term liabilities Ā 
9. Ratio of liabilities to stockholdersā€™ equity Ā 
10. Times interest earned Ā 
11. Asset turnover Ā 
12. Return on total assets %
13. Return on stockholdersā€™ equity %
14. Return on common stockholdersā€™ equity %
15. Earnings per share on common stock $ Ā 
16. Price-earnings ratio Ā 
17. Dividends per share of common stock $ Ā 
18. Dividend yield

EXERCISE 15-2 Financial Ratios for Assessing Liquidity (L015-2] Comparative financial statements for Weller Corporation, a merchandising company, for the fiscal year ending December 31 appear below. The company did not issue any new common stock dur ing the year. A total of 800,000 shares of common stock were outstanding. The interest rate on the bond payable was 12%, the income tax rate was 40%, and the dividend per share of common stock was $0.40. The market value of the company's common stock at the end of the year was $18. All of the company's sales are on account. Weller Corporation Comparative Balance Sheet (dollars in thousands) This Year Last Year Assets Current assets: Cash................... Accounts receivable, net ......... Inventory ..................... Prepaid expenses .............. Total current assets ............... Property and equipment: Land ............ Buildings and equipment, net ........ Total property and equipment. Total assets ........ $ 1,280 12,300 9,700 1,800 25,080 $ 1,560 9,100 8,200 2,100 20,960 6,000 19,200 25,200 $50,280 6,000 19,000 25,000 $45,960 .... $ 9,500 600 300 10,400 $ 8,300 700 300 9,300 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable.. Accrued liabilities .......... Notes payable, short term ........ Total current liabilities ......... Long-term liabilities: Bonds payable ............ Total liabilities .............................. Stockholders' equity: Common stock ... Additional paid-in capital ...... Total paid-in capital ............... Retained earnings ........ . Total stockholders' equity .. Total liabilities and stockholders' equity .......... 5,000 15,400 5,000 14,300 800 4,200 800 4,200 5,000 29,880 34,880 $50,280 5,000 26,660 31,660 $45,960 Weller Corporation Comparative Income Statement and Reconciliation (dollars in thousands) This Year Last Year $79,000 52,000 $74,000 48,000 26,000 27,000 8,500 12.000 Sales ..... . Cost of goods sold ........ Gross margin .......................... Selling and administrative expenses: Selling expenses ... Administrative expenses ................ Total selling and administrative expenses.... Net operating income.... Interest expense.......... Net income before taxes ................. Income taxes ........ Net Income .......... Dividends to common stockholders ......... Net income added to retained eamings ...... Beginning retained earnings .............. Ending retained earnings ................. 20,500 6,500 600 5,900 2,360 8,000 11,000 19,000 7,000 600 6,400 2,560 3,840 3,540 320 320 3,220 26,660 $29,880 3,240 23,420 $26,660 Required: Compute the following financial data and ratios for this year. 1. Working capital. 2. Current ratio. 3. Acid-test ratio.

EXERCISE 15-2 Financial Ratios for Assessing Liquidity (L015-2] Comparative financial statements for Weller Corporation, a merchandising company, for the fiscal year ending December 31 appear below. The company did not issue any new common stock dur ing the year. A total of 800,000 shares of common stock were outstanding. The interest rate on the bond payable was 12%, the income tax rate was 40%, and the dividend per share of common stock was $0.40. The market value of the company's common stock at the end of the year was $18. All of the company's sales are on account. Weller Corporation Comparative Balance Sheet (dollars in thousands) This Year Last Year Assets Current assets: Cash................... Accounts receivable, net ......... Inventory ..................... Prepaid expenses .............. Total current assets ............... Property and equipment: Land ............ Buildings and equipment, net ........ Total property and equipment. Total assets ........ $ 1,280 12,300 9,700 1,800 25,080 $ 1,560 9,100 8,200 2,100 20,960 6,000 19,200 25,200 $50,280 6,000 19,000 25,000 $45,960 .... $ 9,500 600 300 10,400 $ 8,300 700 300 9,300 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Current liabilities: Accounts payable.. Accrued liabilities .......... Notes payable, short term ........ Total current liabilities ......... Long-term liabilities: Bonds payable ............ Total liabilities .............................. Stockholders' equity: Common stock ... Additional paid-in capital ...... Total paid-in capital ............... Retained earnings ........ . Total stockholders' equity .. Total liabilities and stockholders' equity .......... 5,000 15,400 5,000 14,300 800 4,200 800 4,200 5,000 29,880 34,880 $50,280 5,000 26,660 31,660 $45,960 Weller Corporation Comparative Income Statement and Reconciliation (dollars in thousands) This Year Last Year Sales ...... $79,000 $74,000 Cost of goods sold .................... 52,000 48,000 Gross margin .......................... 27,000 26,000 Selling and administrative expenses: Selling expenses 8,500 8.000 Administrative expenses .... 12,000 11,000 Total selling and administrative expenses .... 20,500 19,000 rating income.................... 6,500 Interest expense ........................ 600 600 Net income before taxes ................. 5,900 6,400 Income taxes .......................... 2,360 2,560 Net income ............ .......... 3,540 3,840 Dividends to common stockholders ......... 320 Net income added to retained earings...... 3,220 3,240 Beginning retained earnings 26,660 23,420 Ending retained earnings ................. $29,880 $26,660 7,000 320 EXERCISE 15-6 Financial Ratios for Assessing Market Performance (L015-6] Refer to the data in Exercise 15-2 for Weller Corporation. Required: Compute the following financial data for this year: 1. Earnings per share. 2. Price-earnings ratio. 3. Dividend payout ratio. 4. Dividend yield ratio. 5. Book value per share.