CHEM 250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Hexanoic Acid, Carboxylic Acid, Butanone

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1 May 2020

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Document Summary

The functional group of a carboxylic acid is a carboxyl group , which can be represented in any one of three ways. For an acyclic carboxylic acid take longest carbon chain that contains the carboxyl group as the parent alkane. Drop the final - e from the name of the parent alkane and replace it by -01c acid. Number the chain beginning with the carbon of the carboxyl group. Because the carboxyl carbon is understood to be carbon. 1 there is no need to give it a number. # oh noh hexanoic acid ( caproic acid) 3 - methyl butanone acid ( t sol valeric acid ) An - oh substituent is indicated by the prefix hydroxy. An - n hz substituent is indicated by the prefix amino - 4 - amino benzoic acid add the suffix - dioic acid to name of the parent alkane that contains both carboxyl groups ; thus ,

Related Questions

Classify each of the following statements as true or false:

a) To be classified as organic, a compound must be or have been part of a living organism.

b) Carbon atoms normally form four bonds in organic compounds.

c) Only an unsaturated hydrocarbon can engage in an addition reaction.

d) Members of a homologous series differ by a distinct structural unit.

e) Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons.

f) Alkyl groups are a class of organic compounds.

g) Isomers have the same molecular formulas but different structural formulas.

h) Cis-trans isomerism appear among alkenes but not alkynes.

i) All aliphatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated.

j) Aromatic hydrocarbons have a ring structure.

k) An alcohol has an alkyl group bonded to an oxygen atom, and an ether has two.

l) Carbonyl groups are found in alcohols and aldehydes.

m) An ester is an aromatic carbon made from the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

n) An amine has one, two, or three alkyl groups substituted for hydrogens in an ammonia molecule.

o) An amide has the structure of a carboxylic acid except that replaces OH in the carboxyl group.

p) A peptide linkage series arises when a water molecule forms from a hydrogen from the of one amino acid molecule an from an another amino acid molecule.

r) Chain-growth polymers are made a reaction that gives off water a second product.

s) Nylon is an example of a step-growth condensation polymer.

sangriacicada137

1.Structural isomer refers to organic compound that have the same molecular formula but different structure (bonding pattern is different). This problem is designed to guide you to explore structure isomer.

(a)Go ahead and write Lewis structure for butane (C₄H₁₀). You may draw four C atoms connect straight as like in train.

(b)In the above structure, four C atoms are connected straight in a line. If you move one C atom to the side (like 3 C atoms in a line, one connected to the middle C atom), after you supply all the H atoms to make all the C atoms saturated with 4-bonds each. Will the molecular formula for your structure drawn be different from butane?

( c) Structures you obtained in (a) and (b) are an example of structural isomers. What kind of name we can give to structure in (b) so we can differentiate it from structure in (a)?

2.Alkane is the basic building block of organic compound. We often write alkane chain as a group R. On this basic chain, we can add different functional group, like âOH for alcohol, -COOH for carboxylic acid.

(a)Methanol refers to CH₃OH. Ethanol refers to CH₃CH₂OH. Draw the Lewis structure for these two compounds.

(b) If you have a straight alkane chain, where does âOH group can be attached? How do you name it so you can know where âOH group is attached?

3. Give the Lewis structure for CH₃COOH. Give its systematic name and common name.

4. Ester refers to two alkane chains connected through a single O atom. Write the Lewis structure for this simplest kind of ester: CH₃OCH₃. Find its name and some common use.

5. Benzene molecular formula is C₆H₆. The six carbon atoms are connected to form a ring (hexagon). Draw the Lewis structure for C₆H₆. Do you think the six bond lengths between C-C atoms should be same or not according to your drawn Lewis structure?

Can anyone tell me how to get the percent and theoretical yield here?