PHIL 164 Lecture Notes - Lecture 29: Negative And Positive Rights, Equal Opportunity, Free Market
24 Aug 2016
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Document Summary
Distributive justice: distributive justice is the fair or morally justified distribution of benefits and harms, occurs when everyone gets what they deserve, hero deserves praise, doctor deserves pay, criminal deserves punishment. Problem: scarcity: limited amount of medication, limited amount of hospital space, limited amount of doctor"s time. Inevitable consequences: some go untreated, some die, some suffer more. Trade-offs: more resources for health care, other things equal. Rationing: macro-allocation society wide principles of distribution, e. g. universal healthcare, micro-allocation principles for distribution for individual persons/institutions, e. g. deciding who gets a particular kidney. If we spend more on health care, we can save more lives. Possible principles of distribution: unworkable equal resources/outcome, ensure that everyone gets the same amount, or the same outcome, utilitarian maximize overall benefit, distribute to produce to most total good. Egalitarian ensured minimum: make sure everyone has at least some minimum. Libertarian free market: determine who gets what by what they are willing to pay.
