CHEN 3006 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: General Idea, Phase Rule, Gibbs Free Energy
1 Apr 2015
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Distillation: separate by vaporization a multi-component liquid by relative volatility of its components ex: making alcoholic beverages. Gas absorption: soluble gas is absorbed from an inert or mixture of insoluble gases into a liquid ex: ammonia absorption: very cheap. Stripping: liquid solute is transferred from liuqid into the gas phase ex: decontamination like chlorinated. Dehumidification: pure liquid removed from a gas mixture by condensation ex: when we have cold beverage, liquid from air condenes on our can/bottle. Extraction: a solute in a liquid is contacted with an immiscible solvent that preferentially dissolves the solute (think separation funnel in ochem lab) ex: separatory funnels in ochem lab. Low energy, low technology required, but works well too. Crystallization: precipitation of a solid from a solvent in crystalline solid form ex: making salt or sugar. Eqbm is the enemy, we want to avoid it. Typically, we are interested in temperature, pressure, mole fractions in liquid and vapor, (entropy, enthalpy, gibbs free energy)
