ESCI 1001 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Transform Fault, Epicenter, List Of Rock Formations
Document Summary
Lisbon earthquake was the first earthquake recorded in western world: Map pattern and extent of earthquake damage. Shear stress: break in fault with either side grinding past each other. When force is applied slowly, it can act as elastic material. Elastic deformation: is you apply stress, the material will deform, and within a range it can bounce back to original shape after stress if relieved. Plastic (ductile) deformation: remains deformed after stress is relieved; has yield and rupture point. Brittle failure: what earthquakes represent- crust breaks. Lower crustal material is not as brittle. Collision zones cause brittle and ductile deformation. Continental transform fault earthquakes cause shear stress. Strike-slip faulting: left-lateral strike-slip fault- left side moves; right-lateral strike-slip fault- right side moves- san andreas fault; no vertical motion. Oblique-slip faulting: combination of tension and shear slip; left-lateral movement in combination of normal, left-lateral shearing. Earthquakes are rare events: false- about 50 per week above magnitude 3.
