BIO 450 Lecture 3: Cell physiology exam 3
Document Summary
Voltage gated ca2+ channel : will open for inward ca2+ ions. 3 na+/ 1 ca2+ out: rapid decrease of ca2+ Sr: amount of blood pumped within each contraction output. Norepinephrine binds to receptor gdp to gtp and activates adenylyl cyclase. Enzyme will convert to camp (second messenger) which will bind to hcn channel increases the rate of permeability= faster threshold. Hcn channel is what generates funny current k+ and na+ Pka phosphorylates l type calcium channels opens channel. Active protein kinase 4 targets: ca2+ ion channels increasing permeability via phosphorylation, effects ryanodine receptors increase ca2, effects alignment of actin-myosin head increasing force of contraction, ca2+ will increase into sarcoplasmic reticulum. Glycolysis and substrate level phosphorylation: glucose and pyruvate in cytosol oxidized. 2 reactions to generate atp: substrate level phosphorylation. Takes place with or without oxygen: fermentation. 2 pyruvic acid goes to lactic acid some bacteria and mammal muscle. 2 ethanol and 2 carbon dioxide (alcohol fermentation) yeast.
