COMM 1117 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Heather Mac Donald, Green America
2 May 2018
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Introduction to Argumentation
Argumentation: Communicative process of advancing, supporting, criticizing, and modifying claims, so
that appropriate decision makers, defined by relevant spheres (collections of people making decisions)
may grant or deny adherence
Communicative Process
• Arguments assumes that people are talking to each other in a particular situation
• E. Usafe “pae Iareratio i Aeria Deate Podast Hadout
Advancing Claims
• Putting a claim forward for review and testing
• Ex 1. Heather Mac Donald says that incarceration is so high in America because we have a lot of
violent crime compared to other western industrialized countries
• Ex. 2 Thaddeus puts forward the claim that we built this massive system to put all those people
away for a log, log tie eause e are so puritaial, eause e thik it’s so terrile to get
high or sell sex
o Because we illegalized drugs, etc. it criminalizes the people who engage in those activities
o We have violence due to these things because of the Black Market because we made all of these
things illegal
Definition of a Claim
• Statement you want others to accept and act on (to grant their adherence) and may be linked to
a series of other claims that constitute a case
• Claim: you are trying to get people to believe something, you give a statement to bring
everything together
• Three various kinds of claims:
o Fact Claim
▪ Certain claims exist in the material world and can be observed
▪ Objective data from reliable sources
▪ Something you can look up and measure
• The orld populatio is risig
• Yello ad Blue ake gree
• America has a significantly higher rate of violent crimes than other
industrialized countries- Heather
o Value Claim
▪ A claim that asserts the quality of a person, place, thing, idea
▪ Making value judgment—cannot be objectively verified
• Ca’t proe
▪ Words suh as est orst
• Liol as the est presidet
• Dogs are etter tha ats
• Selling drugs and selling sex is bad- Thaddeus
o Policy Claim
▪ Tells someone how to behave
▪ Should is implicit: rule, laws, regulation
• Do’t speed
• Go to leture
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Document Summary
Argumentation: communicative process of advancing, supporting, criticizing, and modifying claims, so that appropriate decision makers, defined by relevant spheres (collections of people making decisions) may grant or deny adherence. Communicative process: arguments assumes that people are talking to each other in a particular situation, e(cid:454). (cid:862)u(cid:374)safe pa(cid:272)e i(cid:374)(cid:272)ar(cid:272)eratio(cid:374) i(cid:374) a(cid:373)eri(cid:272)a de(cid:271)ate(cid:863) pod(cid:272)ast ha(cid:374)dout. Advancing claims: putting a claim forward for review and testing, ex 1. Heather mac donald says that incarceration is so high in america because we have a lot of violent crime compared to other western industrialized countries: ex. Statement: what you are heard to say, ex. 1- (cid:862)it"s (cid:374)ot the (cid:272)ase that the u has the sa(cid:373)e (cid:272)ri(cid:373)e rate as other (cid:449)ester(cid:374) i(cid:374)dustrialized countries. We have a lot of violent crime in this country compared to our peers: ex. You want others to accept and act upon: someone should believe or do something in response to the statement, ex.
