COMM 1117 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Mass Incarceration, Community Policing, U.S. Route 3
2 May 2018
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Sign: A warrant that most things, conditions, or ideas have characteristics that will tell you whether they
are present.
Sign as a warrant: If a sign is there, we can predict that a thing, condition or idea that it symbolizes will
be there, too. This is how a sign warrants a connection between claim and grounds.
Sign warrants and Mass incarceration
Ale: Well, I thik it’s lear the rhetori oig out the Justie Departet toda that the are
committed to reviving a warlike mentality towards poor people ad people of olors.
Signs that you should fear the police and prisons in the US
3 KINDS OF SIGNS
1. Statistical indexes -- compiling of data or information
a. Local police departments have counted the number of people affected by the use of
militarized police tactics (gambling, domestic violence, drugs)
2. Physical observation- What you can see when you purposefully watch what goes on around you
a. Police send people out on patrol to see if people are actually safe. Those observations
support sign warrants about danger- tell them when they need to step in
3. Institutionalized regularity -- pattern by norm or convention.
a. Many police officers show up in the same general location every day because people
expect them to be there (high crime areas). It supports a sign warrant of institutionalized
regularity that reassures some community member that police are not arbitrarily
targeting people behind ethnicity or race.
Cause: Suggests that an idea, person, or thing has an influence on an event. It warrants a connection
between ground and claim.
• Polie eed proale ause to searh ou without a warrat
In a cause-to-effect warrant, the grounds function as cause for the claims
Russell claim: violent bad guys come into the market
Russell grounds: drugs, sex work, gambling were made illegal
In an effect-to-cause warrant, the grounds function as the effect of the claims
Macdonald claim: incarceration is high in America
Macdonald Grounds: we have a lot of violent crime in this country compared to our peers
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Sign: a warrant that most things, conditions, or ideas have characteristics that will tell you whether they are present. Sign as a warrant: if a sign is there, we can predict that a thing, condition or idea that it symbolizes will be there, too. This is how a sign warrants a connection between claim and grounds. Ale(cid:454): (cid:862)well, i thi(cid:374)k it"s (cid:272)lear (cid:271)(cid:455) the rhetori(cid:272) (cid:272)o(cid:373)i(cid:374)g out the justi(cid:272)e depart(cid:373)e(cid:374)t toda(cid:455) that the(cid:455) are committed to reviving a warlike mentality towards poor people a(cid:374)d people of (cid:272)olors. (cid:863) Signs that you should fear the police and prisons in the us. Those observations support sign warrants about danger- tell them when they need to step in. Institutionalized regularity -- pattern by norm or convention: many police officers show up in the same general location every day because people expect them to be there (high crime areas).
