CHEM 202 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Vaporization, Chemical Bond, Intermolecular Force
Document Summary
Solids: classified by particles in close proximity, usually in a fixed, locked arrangement. The particles can vibrate or rate, but cannot move out of their fixed location. Liquid: particles while also in close proximity, are in loose contact and are in motion. They constantly bump or slide against each other, and can occupy any location within a liquid. It occupies a definite volume, but sine there is no fixed arrangement, their shape conforms to the container. Gas: particles are widely separated, seldom in contact with each other. They move freely at a range of speeds and can be anywhere. Entropy is a term used to describe the amount of disorder in a system and can be mathematically be defined (it"s a thermodynamic function). In the case of phases, entropy favors the gas phase. Chemical bonding (intra-) and intermolecular forces (if) bind and attract atoms, ions, and molecules. This is the glue that favors the solid and liquid phases.
