NURS 471 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Constipation, Pseudobulbar Affect, More Life
Document Summary
Casual serum glucose testing- want bs 70-100. Commonly used in pregnancy for gestational dm. Average bs over the past 4 months. State of relative or absolute insulin deficiency! Typically, in type i dm, but may occur in type 2 if severe illness/stress. Beta cell failure, d/c insulin, and glucotoxicity lead to insulin deficiency. Peripheral tissues have decreased glucose uptake (starved for energy) but increase in blood glucose. Hyperglycemia leads to osmotic diuresis and volume depletion bc glucose levels exceed renal threshold. Glucose excreted in urine and takes a large amount of water so leads to dehydration and hemoconcentration. Can lead to e"lyte imbalances bc excreting so much urine. Decreased blood flow to tissues, so not enough o2 (hypoxia) causing lactic acid buildup in the blood. Insulin deficiency causes fat in liver to be converted to glycerol and fatty acids for energy (ketosis). Ketone bodies, waste products of the fat metabolism, are weak acids and cause metabolic acidosis.
