ENV 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Upwelling, Igneous Rock, Plate Tectonics

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8 Jun 2018

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Environmental Studies – Lecture 4

Continental Drift and Tectonic Plates

The Mantle

• 82 percent of Earth Volume

• convection of mantle about 100 km down

Outer Core

• 2,255 km thick

• liquid Iron

• Flow generates magnetic

Inner Core

• Solid Iron Nickel alloy

Lithosphere: crust and upper mantle

• Behaves rigidly

• Makes up tectonic plate

Asthenosphere: Malleable mantle

• Warmer and soft

Alfred Wegener

- Wrote the origins of oceans and continents in 1965

Pangea – continents as one

• Glacial evidence – found in regions that are way too warm for glaciers today (Africa)

• Tropical evidence – Coals, reefs, subtropical desserts (reefs in Norway, no tropics)

• Fossil Record – plants and animals in multiple countries from same time

Magnetic fields

• Outer core flow generates magnetism

• Geographic North fixed based off axis

• Magnetic North Varies

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