BIO 352 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Gregor Mendel, Mitosis, Gamete
Mitosis VS Meiosis
ď‚·
Gregor Mendel
ď‚·Variation is heritable
ď‚·Pea plant experiment
oInheritance patterns, studied by crossing different types and observing
transmission of trait
oAccess to seeds with different strains of variation of different traits
oChoose an appropriate model organism
oPure breeding
If parental type exhibits a particular form of expression, all of the progeny
will exhibit the same form of the trair
ď‚·Principles of Inheritance
oUnit factor of heredity (genes) that are responsible for trait determination exist in
pairs
oDifferent unit factors of heredity for a single trait (alleles), when present in the
same individual, exhibit a relationship of dominance and recessiveness
oPaired unit factors of heredity segregate away from each other during gamete
formation
Law of segregation, similar to meiosis
ď‚·Gene: physical and functional unit of heredity
ď‚·Locus: site or place on a chromosome where a particular gene resides
ď‚·Allele: alternate forms of a gene that can exist at a single locus
ď‚·Homozygous: in a diploid, situation where identical allele occur for one or more loci
ď‚·Heterozygous: in a diploid, situation where alternative alleles occur for one or more loci
ď‚·Phenotype; Physical appearance or form of expression for a particular trait in a specific
individual
ď‚·Genotype; Specific allelic or genetic constitution of an organism; usually represented
symbolically using letter designations
Pea Plants
ď‚·Dihybrid, always saw a F2 population of 9-3-3-1 segregation
o9/16 Dom. Dom. (Yellow, round)
o3/16 Dom. Rec. (Yellow, wrinkled)
o3/16 Rec. Dom (green, round)
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Document Summary
Inheritance patterns, studied by crossing different types and observing transmission of trait: access to seeds with different strains of variation of different traits, choose an appropriate model organism, pure breeding. If parental type exhibits a particular form of expression, all of the progeny will exhibit the same form of the trair. Locus: site or place on a chromosome where a particular gene resides. Gene: physical and functional unit of heredity. Allele: alternate forms of a gene that can exist at a single locus. Homozygous: in a diploid, situation where identical allele occur for one or more loci. Heterozygous: in a diploid, situation where alternative alleles occur for one or more loci. Phenotype; physical appearance or form of expression for a particular trait in a specific individual. Genotype; specific allelic or genetic constitution of an organism; usually represented symbolically using letter designations. Dihybrid, always saw a f2 population of 9-3-3-1 segregation: 9/16 dom.