BISC 121Lg Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Nitrogen Cycle, Facultative Anaerobic Organism, Anaerobic Respiration
Document Summary
Prokaryotes have a smaller, simpler genome than eukaryotes. Almost all of prokaryote genome codes for proteins but eukaryotic genomes are 98%+ Prokaryotic dna is concentrated in a nucleoid region. Plasmids give extra functions: antibiotic resistance, metabolism of unusual nutrients, only a few genes. Replication and translation of mrna into proteins are alike for prokaryotes and eukaryotes: prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic ribosomes. 16s vs. 18s rrna: selective antibiotics can block protein synthesis in prokaryotes but not eukaryotes. Prokaryotes synthesize dna constantly and reproduce asexually, usually by binary fission. Growth of bacteria refers to population growth. Conditions for growth are different for different prokaryotes. Prokaryotic growth is checked by: lack of nutrients, accumulation of metabolic waste, many are in a near steady state. Growth rate is approximately equal to death rate. Endospores- resistant cells in some bacteria: resistant to lots of bad conditions. Many microbes make antibiotics to inhibit growth of another microbe.
