BISC 220Lg Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Valence Electron, Atomic Number, Chemical Element
Document Summary
Chapter 2: the chemical basis of life, i: atoms, molecules, and water. Atoms: the smallest functional units of matter that form all chemical substances, cannot be further broken down into other substances by ordinary means, each specific type of atom is a chemical element. Protons: number of protons is what distinguishes one element from another, atomic number equals number of protons, also equal to the number of electrons in the atom so that the net charge is zero. Moles: 1 mole of any element contains the same number of atoms: 6. 022 x 1023, avogadro"s number. H-f: 2 pairs of electrons double bond, ex. O=o: 3 pairs of electrons triple bond, ex. Properties of water: solutes are dissolved in solvents (liquid) to form a solution. Ice floats so water is less dense at lower temperatures. Transportation of water: trees take up water from their roots.