BIO 346 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Human Accelerated Regions, Rhesus Macaque, Limb Bud
Document Summary
We know it is non-coding sequence because it"s not in an exon. Know this is conserved because it is present across a bunch of species. Because mutations in those spots mess up their function get cleared away. Look at these non-coding conserved sequences look for regulatory sequences. Sudden bursts of change correlating with the divergence of humans and chimps. Human accelerated regions - scan whole genome. Evidence for positive selection for things that make us uniquely human. Ex: sensory system, language related, limb structure, etc. Random transgenics: plug chimp, human and rhesus macaque (old world primate) orthologs into a mouse with a reporter gene (lacz) Minimal promoter - enable the start of transcription but isn"t very powerful on its own. Hacns1 - putative enhancer upstream (< 500 bps) Robust expression in anterior forelimb & hindlimb for human version. Reliable for that part of the limb bud. Anterior forelimb & anterior hindlimb have been extensively remodeled in the human.
