BIO 365S Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Autonomic Nervous System, Basal Ganglia, Frontal Lobe
Frontal Lobe: Motor
Motor cortex – next to parietal lobe, next to somatosensory cortex (in
frontal lobe; the pointy line).
- also has homonculus map to control movement. Where you
initiate the movement.
Basal ganglia – refining/tuning movement to make it smooth, not
akard. Iole otor futio ut ot here it’s iitiated. Uses
dopaie. Assoiated ith Parkiso’s disease = euros die, redued
dopamine.
Do’t hae otor otrol i geitals eause it works unconsciously,
under autonomic nervous control.
The Prefrontal Cortex: reasoning and decision making
•Phineas P. Gage (1823 – May 21,
1860)
If damaged area, won’t find much difference in the beginning (no motor
impairments). Changes personality and emotion over time if damaged. If
removed, would live normally but live like animals (high level
reasoning, plan for future/reasoning/responsibility, matures at around
age 18).
Frontal Lobe and Frontal Lobotomy
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Take knife, go through facial bone, avoid eyeballs, remove the
prefrontal lobes. Mental/violent patients = become calm, but
emotional flatness.
Very popular procedure. At that time believed they were helping the
patient.
Basal Ganglia
Dopamine
Parkinson Disease
White = myelinated exons.
Gray = cell body; basal ganglia (can be divided into different groups).
Dopamine = reward, in basal ganglia involves in motor function.
Parkinson disease = motor impairment, gets given L-dopa = precursor of
dopamine. Can cut across blood brain barrier, can go through brain for
neurons to use = only slows down progression.
Amygdala = esp in making emotion-related memory. Associated with
esp negative emotion. When super activated, can have anxiety, panic
attack. Pain button.
Hippocampus = memory.
The limbic system includes the amygdala, hippocampus,
andcingulate gyrus. Anatomically, the limbic system is
part of thegray matter of the cerebrum. The thalamus is
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Motor cortex next to parietal lobe, next to somatosensory cortex (in frontal lobe; the pointy line). Also has homonculus map to control movement. Basal ganglia refining/tuning movement to make it smooth, not a(cid:449)k(cid:449)ard. I(cid:374)(cid:448)ol(cid:448)e (cid:373)otor fu(cid:374)(cid:272)tio(cid:374) (cid:271)ut (cid:374)ot (cid:449)here it"s i(cid:374)itiated. Uses dopa(cid:373)i(cid:374)e. asso(cid:272)iated (cid:449)ith parki(cid:374)so(cid:374)"s disease = (cid:374)euro(cid:374)s die, redu(cid:272)ed dopamine. Do(cid:374)"t ha(cid:448)e (cid:373)otor (cid:272)o(cid:374)trol i(cid:374) ge(cid:374)itals (cid:271)e(cid:272)ause it works unconsciously, under autonomic nervous control. The prefrontal cortex: reasoning and decision making: phineas p. gage (1823 may 21, If damaged area, won"t find much difference in the beginning (no motor impairments). Changes personality and emotion over time if damaged. If removed, would live normally but live like animals (high level reasoning, plan for future/reasoning/responsibility, matures at around age 18). Take knife, go through facial bone, avoid eyeballs, remove the prefrontal lobes. Mental/violent patients = become calm, but emotional flatness. At that time believed they were helping the patient.
