BIO 365S Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Renal Pelvis, Kidney Stone Disease, Urinary System
Renal Processes - Chapter 19
Outline of Renal Processes
• Functions
• Anatomy
• Filtration
• Bulk (GFR) vs. specific
• Factors affecting GFR
• Regulation of GFR
• Use of GFR
• Reabsorption
• Renal graphs
• Transport maximum
• Secretion
• Excretion
• Clearance
What does the renal system do?
Expected Functions:
Excretory
Homeostatic regulation of
volume, osmolarity, pH balance
Wildly Unexpected Functions:
Produces hormones: renin
Stores glycogen, coverts to glucose
After filtration, clean blood gets send back to fish tank.
Urine directly comes from your blood, so it has water. Urine is sterile.
Renal system, most important function is filtration via kidneys.
In hospital, collects blood and urine sample = gets a lot of info because blood directly filters to
urine.
If body is very acidic, lets more H+ go through to urine and urine will be super acidic to balance
out in the body vs. if body is too basic, conserves H+ so urine less acidic.
Renin RaH pathway that affects sodium reabsorption.
The Urinary (Renal) System
Healthy = only need 1 kidney to survive. Can donate to another person.
After filtration, 99% of blood goes back into circulation. Once finished going through kidney,
turns into urine, goes down through ureter into bladder (in pelvic cavity)
FYI: Kidney stones
Kidney stones: small, hard mineral
deposits that form inside your kidneys.
The stones are made of mineral and acid salts.
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Either from not drinking enough water or eating too much minerals.
Formed in the kidneys, the stone is very sharp. Cuts urethra.
In cross section, the kidney is divided into an outer cortex and an
inner medulla. Urine leaving the nephrons flows into the renal
pelvis prior to passing through the ureter into the bladder.
Capsule protects kidney.
Then cortex.
Inside medulla looks like pyramid structures.
Nephron = millions, is a functional unit of kidney (smallest structure you can have and still has
function of that organ). Filters blood. Once goes to the end of the medulla (becomes urine,
starts from blood), and goes to the tubes that collect urine, which goes to the ureter down to
the bladder.
Kidney failure = only ½ of nephrons work. Kidney functions compromised.
Renal arteries take blood to the cortex.
During circulation, some blood gets sent to kidney (unclean blood) coming in through renal
artery, vessel becomes smaller and smaller until nephron = filters blood. Veins send back blood
to the iulatoy syste, lea. Sall potio that you do’t at ill go through to nephron
and becomes urine. Filters blood very quickly.
A lot of blood flows through the kidneys!
= renal blood flow
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Document Summary
Outline of renal processes: functions, anatomy, filtration, bulk (gfr) vs. specific, factors affecting gfr, regulation of gfr, use of gfr, renal graphs, transport maximum, reabsorption, secretion, excretion, clearance. Homeostatic regulation of volume, osmolarity, ph balance. After filtration, clean blood gets send back to fish tank. Urine directly comes from your blood, so it has water. Renal system, most important function is filtration via kidneys. In hospital, collects blood and urine sample = gets a lot of info because blood directly filters to urine. If body is very acidic, lets more h+ go through to urine and urine will be super acidic to balance out in the body vs. if body is too basic, conserves h+ so urine less acidic. Healthy = only need 1 kidney to survive. After filtration, 99% of blood goes back into circulation. Once finished going through kidney, turns into urine, goes down through ureter into bladder (in pelvic cavity)
