ECO 304L Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Federal Open Market Committee, Fractional-Reserve Banking, Bank Reserves

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Currency in circulation: paper bills and coins. Demand deposits: balances in bank accounts that depositors can access on demand by writing a check. Lower if households don"t put money in bank. Higher if bank keeps more in reserves. Liquidity: the degree to which an asset can be converted into the economy"s medium of exchange quickly and without loss of value. Monetary base: all notes and coins existing in an economy whether located in vaults or out circulating in the economy. The fed can control the base, but m1 and m2 depend on the base and the actions of the public. Fractional reserve banking system: banks keep a fraction of deposits as reserves and use the rest to make loans. Reserve requirement: minimum banks must hold against deposits. Reserve ratio: r = reserves / deposits. If bank capital becomes negative, the bank is insolvent (bankrupt)

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