GNDR 1100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Masculinity, Association Football, Heteronormativity

• School: University of Utah
• Department: Gender Studies
• Course: GNDR 1100
• Professor: Ginger Smoak

Document Summary

Title ix: prohibited sex discrimination in federally funded educational institutions. Colleges could no longer require higher test scores for female applicants. Women now make up about 50% of college athletes. But only 32% of recruitment dollars, 43% total athletic scholarship dollars go to women. 80% of schools are out of compliance. 2005 policies weakened the law by allowing colleges and universities to demonstrate whether they had met the interests of women by conducting an email survey. As women"s sports have become bigger, coaches are increasingly men. Images of female athletes have traditionally been either prepubescent girls (gymnasts/ice skaters) or hypersexualized (anna kournikova) Unrestrained by religious prohibitions, social constraints in much of the world. In order to allow women, as well as lgbt athletes to be included athletic structures and rules must be changed. Playing sports is a way that boys are allowed to use physical aggression (football), agility (baseball/basketball), strength (wrestling), and competition in a sanctioned and masculine way.