BIOL 2100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Bacilli, Spirillum, Extremophile
Document Summary
Chapter 4 functional anatomy of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryote comes from the greek words for pre nucleus. Eukaryote comes from the greek words for true nucleus. Differences: eukaryotic, has organelles, nucleus, animal cells and plant cells, reproduce by mitosis, prokaryotic, no nucleus, bacteria and archaea, reproduce by binary fission, two sister (twins) cells similar to parent cell. Gram-positive cell wall: composition and characteristics: thick, rigid (many layers) peptidoglycan, teichoic acids: made of an alcohol and a phosphate, movement of cations into and out of the cell, cell growth, prevent wall breakdown/lysis, antigenic specificity. Impermeable to large, charged ions and most polar molecules: enzymes: breakdown of nutrients to produce energy (atp, receptors for cell signaling. Eukaryotic cells: highly organized internal membranes, have enclosed organelles, true nucleus, typically, 10-100 micrometer in diameter. Cell membranes of eukaryotes: separate cell into compartments, selective barrier, allow for wide variety of functions, allow cells to store energy, phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
