BIOL 150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Lynn Margulis, Nuclear Membrane, Oomycete
Document Summary
Refers to all eukaryotes that are not land plants, fungi, or animals. Tend to live in environments surrounded by water. Origin of the nuclear envelope based on infoldings of the plasma membrane. Important morphological innovation led to new way to manage and process genetic information. Most eukaryotic cells large, with membrane-bound organelles, and a system of structural proteins - a complex cytoskeleton. Mitochondria originated when a bacterial cell took up residence inside a eukaryote ca. Endoxymbosis - when an organism of one species lives inside an organism of another species. Bacterium avoided being digested and began to live inside eukaryotic cell. Have own ribosomes that can be poisoned by bacterial antibiotics. Have own genomes organized like a bacteria genome. Origin of the choloroplast in eukaryotes by primary endosymbiosis. Chloroplast originated when protist engulfed a cyanobacterium (primary or initial endosymbiosis), likely originated in ancestor of plants. Evolution of cell specialization in obtaining food, reprouduction.
