GEOL 101 Lecture 11: Geo 101 Lecture 11
Document Summary
Caves form in carbonate rock (typically limestone: dripping water forms stalactites and stalagmites. Carbonic acid in groundwater dissolves limestone > (more) carbonic acid > water table is lowered > limestone dissolved from rocks above the caves is deposited in stalactites and stalagmites. Soil horizons: o- mineral grains mixed with organic matter. Good sign of fertility: a- heavily leached mineral grains and often little organic matter. A and o together are topsoil: b- zone of accumulation of mineral grains and dissolved elements washed out of a horizon. Below water table some of the time. B and c together are subsoil: c- raw sediment or broken bedrock that has not seen much weathering. Buff due to a small amount of oxidized iron. Mass wasting- sediment tumbling due to its own weight: avalanches, land slides (rocks, creep, slump, debris ow, mud ow (unconsolidated material)
