BIOL 2200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Thylakoid, Gram Staining, Peptidoglycan
20 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Biodiversity: the variability among living organisms from all sources and the ecological complexes of which they are part; includes diversity within and among species and ecosystems. Why study biodiversity: to understand evolution, how to adapt to environments, to appreciate nature, to assess economic values. Prokaryotes are survivors: some archaea are extreme halophiles or thermophiles, bacteria forms endospores in response to hostile conditions, rehydrates when conditions improve, forms tough coat around dna that can withstand harsh conditions, survive because adapt very quickly. Genetic diversity: recombination: bacteria reproduce really fast, mutations will be seen no matter how slow the rate because of fast reproduction rate, other way of getting genetic diversity is recombination, transformation. When foreign dna in environment gets transported into cell. Proteins recognized dna from closely related species: transduction. Phages (viruses that infect bacteria) carry genes from one cell to another. Phages replicate dna within a cell, may fragment the hosts dna. Phages carries fragmented dna from host to donor.
