CHEM 1410 Lecture Notes - Lecture 34: Freezing-Point Depression, Boiling-Point Elevation, Mole Fraction
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17 Nov 2016
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Mole fraction (xa): moles a/total moles in solution. Xn = 1 (sum of all mole fractions) Vapor pressure depression: when solute is present, some evaporation is blocked but condensation is not affected. Compensate with increasing t which makes vp increase. Kb is the molal boiling point elevation constant. A(l) + bsolute solution : downhill energetically. Kf is the molal freezing point depression constant. Van"t hoff factor: # of particles per molecule of solute (i) (aq) + cl- (aq) Nacl i = 2 (aq) + a1- (aq) + a2- Precipitation reaction: ions in solution bump into each other and form insoluble solid (precipitate (ppt)) (aq) c1a2 (s) (aq) + a2- (aq) (aq) If it can happen it will (aq) + no3 (aq) (aq) Example: dissolve agno3 and nacl in h2o in separate beakers. Ionic equation: nacl(aq) + agno3(aq) agcl(s) + nano3(aq)
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