EVSC 1010 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Asthenosphere, Clastic Rock, Extrusive Rock

• School: University of Virginia
• Department: Environmental Sciences
• Course: EVSC 1010
• Professor: Thomas Smith

Document Summary

Mantle: surrounds core beneath crust, physical characteristics vary. Mechanical layers: lithosphere: crust & upper solid part of mantle; Asthenosphere: weak plastic portion of upper mantle beneath lithosphere; mesosphere: lower mantle btw core & asthenosphere. Minerals: naturally occurring inorganic sold w/ definite chemical composition & crystalline structure; compound. Naturally occurring; solid; definite chem composition; inorganic (not produced exclusively by living organisms/bio processes); crystalline structure (orderly internal arrangement of atoms); consist of 2-5 diff elements. Crystalline habit: characteristic shape of mineral & manner in which aggregates of crystals grow. Cleavage: tendency of minerals to break along flat surfaces. Fracture: mineral breaks other than along flat surfaces of cleavage. Hardness: resistance of mineral to scratching (atom bond strength) Specific gravity: weight of substance relative to equal volume of water. Streak: color of fine powder of mineral (rub against streak plate) Luster: manner in which mineral reflects light. Crystal: substance whose atoms arranged in regular, periodically repeated pattern (3d arrangement of atoms)