ANPS 020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 31: Internal Anal Sphincter, Valsalva Maneuver, Brush Border
17 Apr 2019
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Document Summary
Stretching of rectum wall initiates reflex: parasympathetic spinal reflex causes contraction of sigmoid colon & rectum wall, relaxation of the internal anal sphincter. Sensory signals to brain- conscious decision to voluntarily relax anal sphincter. Valsalva maneuver glottis (larynx) is closed, diaphragm and abdominal muscles are contracted to increase intra-abdominal pressure. Digestion is a catabolic process- breakdown foods into chemical building blocks (monomers). Most dietary carbohydrates in form of starch (plant storage of glucose) Amylase breaks down starch and glycogen into oligosaccharides. Salivary amylase is in the mouth & pancreatic amylase is in small intestine. Oligosaccharides and disaccharides must be broken down into monosaccharides by brush border enzymes. Only monosaccharides can be absorbed by enterocytes of small intestine. Protease is an enzyme that breaks down protein. Proteins are to be digested include dietary protein, enzyme proteins, and proteins from dead cells.
