POLI 103 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Negative And Positive Rights, Lemon V. Kurtzman, Jim Crow Laws
Document Summary
Civil rights are embodied in the latter amendments and various laws passed by congress and are designed to provide equal protections for those traditionally underrepresented. In the 20th century , the supreme court began using the due process clause of the 14th amendment to apply the bill of rights to the states through the doctrine of incorporation. (cid:862)(cid:449)all of separatio(cid:374)(cid:863) (cid:373)ea(cid:374)s separatio(cid:374) (cid:271)et(cid:449)ee(cid:374) state a(cid:374)d (cid:272)hur(cid:272)h. but go(cid:448). supports many religion for many years, especially protestant sects. Free excerise of religion: free exercise clause bans government laws prohibiting freedom of worship. The establishment clause: religious prayer in public schools is unconstitutional, financial aid and the lemon test-there should be a boundary between public and religious schools. Gov. gives vouchers to parents to go to all non-public schools, even religious. Lemon test is to tell if government intervenes too much in schools: prayers at graduation ceremonies and football games- illegal because the audience is captive.
