BIOL 1106 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Epiphyseal Plate, Ground Substance, Chondrocyte
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BIOL 1106 Full Course Notes
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Types of skeletons: hydrostatic skeletons, soft bodies terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates, exoskeletons, arthropods, made out of chitin, endoskeletons, echinoderms and vertebrates. Cells involved in bone development: mesenchyme, fibroblasts collagen (fibrous tissue, chondroblasts chondrocyte, osteoblasts osteocyte. Cartilage specialized connective tissue: matrix = ground substance (chondroitin) + collagen fibers, cells = chondrocytes. Bone specialized connective tissue: matrix = collagen + ground substance (hydroxyapatite); equal in volume, cells = osteocytes, three categories of bone based on density, compact, medullary, spongy. Endochondral bone development: cartilaginous models, bone added to outside, cartilage replaced with bone. Lengthening occurs at epiphyseal growth plates: stops in late adolescence in humans. Antagonistic muscles: flexor and extensor of the leg, one works directly against the other. Sarcomeres: myofibrils have alternating light and dark bands, sarcomeres shorten during muscle contraction. Muscle contractions are smooth and are the result of repeated and constant action potentials.
