BIOL 1105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Chloroplast, Photophosphorylation, Carbon Fixation

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13 Nov 2017

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One breaks down sugars to liberate energy. Capture co2 and incorporate it into organic molecules. One captures energy and stores it in sugars. Provide the energy needed to drive those synthesis reactions. Thylakoid membrane separates lumen of the thylakoid. Electron passes through etc back to psii reaction center. Used by plants and algae to supplement atp production at cost of. Make atp and reduce nadp+ to nadph. To maintain carbon balance 3 consecutive turns. Oxidation by the addition of o2 leads to. Some plants have evolved to capture co2 by another mechanism. Use pep carboxylase to add co2 to pep to form. 4 carbon molecule has greater affinity for co2 and no oxidase activity. Two major pathways utilize pep carboxylase for carbon fixation. C4 plants spatially separate c4 and c3 pathways in different cells. Cam plants temporally separate c4 (night) and c3 (day) pathways. Requires the light-dependent reactions to occur first.

Related Questions

The complete set of reactions carried out by an organism is called:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 2

The breakdown of starch is broken down to glucose is an example of:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 3

For the following statement, determine which description best describes the process: DNA is synthesized from free nucleotides.

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 4

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions result in the synthesis of molecules of .............via cellular respiration. This is then used to power anabolic reactions.

Value: 5

The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because:

a. it is not possible to release it in a single step.

b. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step

c. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step.

d. more energy can be harvested for cellular use in multiple steps than from a single step.

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photosynthesis

1-The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

a. chemiosmosis

b. oxygen liberation

c. glucose synthesis

d. electron transport

Value: 2

Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called

a. thylakoids

b. photosystems

c. stroma

d. photons

Value: 3

During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

a. the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II

b. carbon fixation

c. the Krebs cycle

d. O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

Value: 4

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the

a. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm of the cell

c. stroma of the chloroplast

d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Value: 5

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

a. the light-dependent reactions

b. the light-independent reactions

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Value: 6

What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle?

a. ATP

b. NADPH

c. glucose

d. H2O

Value: 7

During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound?

a. water

b. ATP

c. chlorophyll

d. electron transport chain

Value: 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a. photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in heterotrophs

b. photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP

c. photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction of CO2

d. the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release energy

1. Write the overall equation for the BALANCED aerobic cellular respiration reaction. Write the chemical (molecular) formulas AND names of the molecules. Label the reaction as endergonic or exergonic. Label products and reactants and state in which process(es) each product or reactant comes into play (Glycolysis, Krebs, ETC)

2. Write the overall equation for the BALANCED photosynthesis reaction. Write the chemical formulas AND names of the molecules. Label the reaction as endergonic or exergonic. Label products and reactants and state in which process(es) each product or reactant comes into play (light reactions, Calvin cycle).

3. Explain how the products and reactants of cellular respiration are related to the products and reactants of photosynthesis. Be specific. Explain why plants must do both reactions and people do not.

4. Why is cellular respiration essential to life?

5. Why is photosynthesis essential to ALL life â not just plant life? Think of two big reasons!

6. How is photophosphorylation (not photosynthesis) similar and different than oxidative phosphorylation? Write a compare and contrast answer. You must have at least 2 similarities and 2 differences. This must be written as a paragraph and not a list. When you state a difference for one, give how the other is different too!

7. An electron transport chain (ETC) chain is essential for cellular respiration. What is the function of the ETC in cellular respiration? Draw a diagram illustrating the ETC in cellular respiration.

8. An ETC chain connects PSII and PSI. What is the function of electron flow from PSII to PSI? Draw the Z-scheme illustrating the ETC in photosynthesis.

9. The inner membrane of a mitochondrion has lots of folds, or cristae, giving it lots of surface area for electron transport chains. Suppose the inner membrane was smooth instead, how would this affect cellular respiration?

10. The chloroplast has a couple of different spaces â the lumen of the thylakoid and the stroma. Explain why it is essential to have these spaces separated by membranes.

In a thylakoid membrane, absorbed light energy is passed from one chlorophyll molecule to another until it is:

Select one:

a. dissipated as heat.

b. released as fluorescence

c. passed to a reaction center.

Question 2

Protons in a chloroplast flow through an ATP synthase from the:

Select one:

a. cytoplasm to the intermembrane space.

b. stroma to the intermembrane space.

c. thylakoid lumen to the stroma.

d. stroma to the thylakoid lumen.

e. intermembrane space to the stroma.

Question 3

Which of the following are produced directly as a result of the movement of electrons through the photosynthetic electron transport chain?

Select one:

a. oxygen and carbohydrates

b. carbohydrates and ATP

c. ATP and NADPH

d. water and carbohydrates

Question 4

If a mutation occurs such that photosystem II no longer functions as efficiently as it should, what might be most directly affected?

Select one:

a. The amount of H2O produced.

b. The rate at which NADPH is produced.

c. The rate at which protons are transported into the stroma.

d. The rate of ATP synthesis by ATP synthase in the chloroplast.

BIOL 1105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Chloroplast, Photophosphorylation, Carbon Fixation

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