BIOL 1105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Lipid Bilayer, Nuclear Membrane, Plant Cell

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13 Jul 2016

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Prokaryotes- simplest organisms, do not contain membrane- bound organelles. Nucleoid- the area of a prokaryotic cell, usually near the center, that contains the genome in the form of dna compacted with protein. Nuclear envelope- double-membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Cytoplasm- semifluid matrix that fills the interior of the cell; contains sugars, amino acids, and proteins the cell uses. Endomembrane system- a system of connected membranous compartments found in eukaryotic cells. Central vacuole- stores proteins, pigments and waste materials in plants. Vesicles- smaller sacs that store and transport a variety of materials. Cytoskeleton- maintains the shape of a eukaryotic cell. Nucleus- largest and most easily seen organelle in a eukaryotic cell. Nucleolus- region where intensive synthesis of ribosomal rna is taking place. Nuclear envelope- surface of nucleus bounded by two phospholipid bilayer membranes. Chromatin- complex of dna and proteins of which eukaryotic chromosomes are composed of.

Related Questions

1. Chris and Kassie are working in a research lab and are hopingto study the movement ofribosomal subunits through the nuclear porecomplex. Which microorganism would theymost likely choose as theirmodel organism?

a. The lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus lactis.

b. The archaeon Thermoproteus tenax.

c. Escherichia colid. The protozoan Giardia lamblia.

2-For many years, scientists saw no evidence for a cytoskeletonin prokaryotic cells.However, in 2001 researchers at OxfordUniversity in the UK described two actin-likeproteins called MreBand Mb1 in the prokaryotic bacterium Bacillus subtilis (Cell,104:913-922). To which component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton arestructures composed ofMreB and Mb1 thought to be the mostsimilar?

a. Microfilamentsb.

b-Microtubulesc.

c-Pseudopodiad.

d-Intermediate filamentse.

e-Nucleoli

3-The eukaryotic nucleus was discovered in 1831 by a Scottishbotanist named RobertBrown (Bill Bryson, A Short History of NearlyEverything). It comes from the latinword meaning kernel. Whichstatement regarding the eukaryotic nucleus is FALSE?

a. Intermediate filaments could be isolated from the nucleus ofaeukaryoticcell (particularly an animal cell).

b. The nucleolus is a distinct, but not membrane-bound regionwithin the eucaryoticnucleus. It is the site of rRNA synthesis.

c. Within the eukaryotic nucleus, basic proteins assist in thepackaging of DNA.

d. Chromatin in which the DNA is relaxed and the genes are beingactivelyexpressed is called euchromatin.

e. Like the cytoplasmic membrane, the nuclear membrane isselectively permeableand only allows free passage of low molecularweight molecules such as O2.

4-If a eukaryotic protist had a mutation that lessened theaffinity of ribosomes for the surface the rough endoplasmicreticulum what would likely be the harmful effect?

a. These protists would have inefficient ATP production.

b. These protists would be unable to degrade macromoleculesengulfed duringendocytosis.

c. These protists would less effectively secrete proteins thatwork in the extracellularspace.

d. These protists would have decreased lipid synthesis.

5. Stephanie and Jennifer are working with a sample that wastaken from a patient with ayeast infection. These young scholarswant to isolate the yeast in the sample by selectingagainst all ofthe bacteria that are also present. What might they add to themedium inorder to do this?

a. An antibiotic that targets the 70S ribosome.

b. An antibiotic that targets peptidoglycan.

c. Lysozyme.

d. Any of the above.

What are the three components of the cell theory?

Of what is the cell membrane is mainly composed?

TRUE or FALSE: A prokaryotic cell has a nucleus.

TRUE or FALSE: An eukaryotic cell does not have membrane-bounded organelles.

Most organelles can be found in both in plants and animals. What three organelles are unique to plants?

What organelles can only be found in animal cells?

Which of the following contains digestive enzymes?

TRUE or FALSE: In most mammals, the DNA found in mitochondria is inherited from the mother only.

TRUE or FALSE: Flagella are not found on eukaryotic cells.

How do phospholipids interact with water to form the cell membrane?

TRUE or FALSE: All living things have a plasma membrane and a cell wall.

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

What is the example of potential energy that was given in the lecture notes?

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

What is entropy?

What is an exergonic reaction?

What is an endergonic reaction?

TRUE or FALSE: An enzyume is an organic molecule (usually a protein) that catalyzes a cellular reaction.

How does an enzyme work?

What is the region of an enzyme that binds the substrate?

TRUE or FALSE: Phagocytosis is an example of bulk transport.

TRUE or FALSE: Osmosis involves the movement of water only.

What is competitive inhibition?

What is non-competitive inhibition?

What is the energy currency of our bodies?

How do particles move in passive transport?

How do particles move in active transport?

Which type of plastid stores starch?

The largest amount of DNA is localized to the ________ in both bacteria and archaea.

Which organelle creates the lysosome?

Which component of the endomembrane system modifies proteins?

Which is the hereditary material of life?

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down ingested bacteria?

In non-competitive inhibition (allosteric regulation), where does the inhibitor bind?

According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy can neither be ________ nor ________ .

i need help with this homwork please choose the correct answers and just be claer to read and understand for the slect the apply qusestions too and it is important i realy need the right answers so please be claer not write randomly i really need the correct answers to study for my test so hop you can help me

Question 1

What is the smallest cell you could find?

Question 2

TEMs appear as 3D images

True

False

Question 3

Bacteria are what cell type? Write one word as the answer in lowercase and using no syntax.

Flag this Question

Question 42 pts

ALL eukaryotic cells have which of the following. Click all that apply.

membrane enclosed cell organelles

mitochondria

Question 5

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have which if the following cellular components. Click all that apply.

Question 6

I am made of one 60s and one 40s subunit, which organelle am I?

protein

lipid

bacterial ribosome

Question 9

The difference between the rough and smooth ER is

the rough produces lipids where as the smooth does not

the rough has many folds and convolutions where as the smooth does not

the rough has ribosome embedded and the smooth does not

the rough is closer to the cell membrane whereas the smooth is closer to the nucleus

Question 10

The site where many lipids, including cell membrane is produced.

Question 11

Name the organelle: In muscle cells in particular, I would increase in number and size in response to frequent exercise

Question 12

In animal cells, glucose would be mobilized from its storage molecule (glycogen) in this part of the cell.

Question 13

Which of these is associated with the rough ER

production of carbohydrates

production of steroid hormones

production of ATP

production of proteins that are secreted from the cell

Question 14

Which organelle sorts, modifies and stores substances produced on the rough ER. Write two words as the answer in lower case separated by a space.

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production. Write one word in the singular as the answer.

Question 16

You inherit all of your mitochondria from your

father

half from your mother and half from your father

your siblings

mother

Question 17

An organelle that contains chlorophyll

Question 18

Microtubules have a variety of roles, which of the options below is NOT one of them?

separate chromosomes

cilia and flagellum movement

tracks for organelle movement

constrict the cell during cell division

Question 19

Made of tubulin subunits

microfilaments

chromosomes

intermediate filaments

microtubules

Question 20

Name the part of the cytoskeleton that is made of two twisted rods of actin. Write one word as the answer in lower case.

Question 21

Which part of the cytoskeleton is made of the same protein as your hair and nails?

microfilaments

microtubules

Intermediate filaments

Question 22

The extracellular matrix is found outside of, but attached to the cell membrane?

True

False

Question 23

Which of the options below is an important function of the extra cellular matrix?

connecting cells together

regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

helping cells divide into two cells

keeping the cell in a fixed and ridged shape

Question 24

Which part of the cell wall has a high pectin content?

Question 25

Plants have mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall, and nuclei.

True

False

Question 27

What accounts for 40% of the protein in our bodies?

Question 28

Animal cells have cell walls

True

false

BIOL 1105 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Lipid Bilayer, Nuclear Membrane, Plant Cell

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