ANTH 350 Lecture 10: HLAs and Disease
A. HLA and disease
- Links between disease susceptibility and resistance and HLA system
- Mostly autoimmune disease, but also some infectious diseases
- Ex: if have gene are 87% more likely to have Ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This is the
HLA- B27 protein/gene.
- Majority of people with AS express HLA- B27 allele but don’t have to have this allele
to get AS. Varies in populations (ex: more prevalent in Caucasians)
- AS is inflammation of joints and spine disks, then fusion of bones for bamboo spine
- If have HLA-B27 doesn’t mean you WILL get AS.
- Does run in families, though.
- HLA- B27 also more likely to have onset AS; especially if they are male
- ERP1 gene and environmental factors can trigger it. Can be dormant
- One of ways trigger can be breakdown in defense of intestine. Allows pathogens
into bloodstream—triggers immune defense.
- Most strong associations found in class II polymorphisms
- Autoimmune, infectious, malignant, no relation= different types
- Most associations- immune rather than infectious disease
B. Think so many polymorphisms- balancing selections (some sort of advantage) or host-
pathogen coevolution (each evolve to survive)
C. HLA and type I Diabetes
- Autoimmune Disease
- Progressive T cells mediated destruction of B cells in pancreas
- Both genetic and environmental factors/ trigger
- Some sort of genetic component. If sibling has it -15 x more likely to have type I
diabetes if sibling has it
- Higher chance of getting it if father has it (2x more likely than mother)
- 50% susceptibility from HLA genes, particularly DR4-DQ8 and DR3-DQ2
- (50% susceptibility for type 1 diabetes- HLA genes)
- 90% children with on of those three HLA markers have type 1 diabetes
- DR15-DQ6 may protect against T1D
- Type I diabetes different in populations- highest in people with European ancestry.
D. HLA and Goodpasture Syndrome
- Anti-GMB antibody disease
- Autoimmune disease that causes bleeding in the lungs and acute inflammation of
the kidneys (glomerulonephritis)
- Due to antibodies attacking collagen in lungs, kidney
- Think trigger by environmental instance like smoking or drugs or infection
- Have these antigens, then environment stressor triggers it.
- HLA-DR15 found in 88% of GS patients
- HLA-B8+ HLA-DR15= more severe GS
- HLA-DR7 and HLA-DR1 confer some protection against GS
Document Summary
Links between disease susceptibility and resistance and hla system. Mostly autoimmune disease, but also some infectious diseases. Ex: if have gene are 87% more likely to have ankylosing spondylitis (as). Majority of people with as express hla- b27 allele but don"t have to have this allele to get as. Varies in populations (ex: more prevalent in caucasians) If have hla-b27 doesn"t mean you will get as. As is inflammation of joints and spine disks, then fusion of bones for bamboo spine. Hla- b27 also more likely to have onset as; especially if they are male. Erp1 gene and environmental factors can trigger it. One of ways trigger can be breakdown in defense of intestine. Most strong associations found in class ii polymorphisms. Autoimmune, infectious, malignant, no relation= different types. Most associations- immune rather than infectious disease: think so many polymorphisms- balancing selections (some sort of advantage) or host- pathogen coevolution (each evolve to survive, hla and type i diabetes.
