ANTH 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Altitudinal Migration, Transhumance, Pastoralism
16 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
Hunters and gatherers: no agriculture, live off wild food exclusively. Live in bands: small groups between 5 and 75 people. Band size is closely related to environmental potential and seasonal changes. Hunter gatherers are nomadic peoples, meaning they move around often. Division of labor: men hunt wild game and women gather plants and care for. Horticulture: cultivation of plants, simple agriculture without use of plows or animals. Employ the use of a long fallow system in which they clear and burn a portion of a forest to make a garden. After a few years of cultivation, the soil is allowed to rest (fallow) for several years. Investment: time and labor for clearing the forest. Benefit: produces food surplus which leads to a longer life expectancy and larger population. Pastoralism: based on breeding and raising of herd animals such as cattle, sheep, goat, horses etc. Pastoralists are nomadic people, moving around to have fresh pastures.
