L41 BIOL 2970 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Amniocentesis, Raphanus, Colchicine
Document Summary
Crossing over/ unit dna reduced near telomere and near centromere: like deletions, duplications cause deleterious effects when heterozygous with +, in humans _> see dysmorphic development, played a key role in evolution, each gene has an essential function. 1/1600 progeny are wild type, or extreme bar (ultrabar) these exceptional types arise by crossing over. Some chromosomes in humans have 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 green genes. Red and green opsins are 98%, similar in a. a. sequence. If red and green pair, crossing over occurs. If only a small piece of red gene = red blind. If only a small piece of green gene = green blind. If a little green and extra red = anomalous green vision. Heterozygosity for paracentric inversions does not cause production of inviable zygotes. Multigene family: groups of genes that encode related proteins, that presumably arose by duplication and divergence. Ring will orient with 2 centromeres directed to one pole and 2 to the other.