L07 Chem 151 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Bromine

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salmonyak403

6 Nov 2015

School

WUSTL

Department

University College - Chemistry

Course

L07 Chem 151

Professor

Redden

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Document Summary

When an atom is at its lowest on, it is a potential reducing agent. When an atom is at its highest on, it is a potential oxidizing agent. Some substances can act as a reducing agent or an oxidizing agent. ie: h2o2. O"s on is -1, can change to 0 or -2. Predict products of a reaction based on the chemical properties of the reactants / experience / thermodynamic data. Steps as follows: balance all elements except o and h, balance the number of electrons gained or lost, balance the net charges by adding h+ acidic or oh- basic, add the half reactions together. Identify the species being oxidized and species being reduced. Make the number of electrons gained cancel the number of electrons lost. Add the half reactions together to obtain the overall balanced reaction. Disproportionation: a species acting as both an oxidizing and reducing agent. Note: it must be the same atom/ion in the species that changes.

Related Questions

Match the word or term on the left with its definition on the right: Oxidation state Reducing agent Oxidation Redox reaction Reduction Oxidizing agent 1)a number that signifies the number of electrons that have been gained or lost by an atom of an element. 2)a reaction in which elements are oxidized and reduced, and electrons are transferred between substances. 3)the loss of electrons. 4)the gain of electrons. 5)the reactant in a redox reaction that accepts electrons, removing them from the reactant being oxidized. 6)the reactant in a redox reaction that provides electrons, giving them to the reactant being reduced.

Answer true or false.

(a) When a substance is oxidized, it loses electrons.

(b) When a substance gains electrons, it is reduced.

(d) In a redox reaction. the reducing agent becomes oxidized.

(e) When Zn is converted to Zn²⁺ ion, zinc is oxidized.

(f) Oxidation can also be defined as the loss of oxygen atoms and/or gain of hydrogen atoms.

(g) Reduction can also be defined as the gain of oxygen atoms and/or loss of hydrogen atoms.

(h) When oxygen, O₂, is converted to hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂, we say that O₂ is reduced.

(i) Hydrogen peroxide, H₂O₂, is an oxidizing agent.

(j) All combustion reactions are redox reactions.

(k) The products of complete combustion (oxidation) of hydrocarbon fuels are carbon dioxide, water, and heat.

(l) In the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, oxygen is the oxidizing agent and the hydrocarbon fuel is the reducing agent.

(m) Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon fuels can produce significant amounts of carbon monoxide.

(n) Most common bleaches are oxidizing agents.

apricotsea-lion385

If you could answer the rest of Question 1 from the 6th and 7th picture and then Question 3 from the 8th and 9th picture

11 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Introduction We encounter oxi uction reactions every day Examples include the combustion of coal natural gas, oil, and gasoline, the operation of automobile's battery and the sains by a Although there are a variety of oxidation-reduction reactions .when you compare a number of you can some common featu Each these of simultaneous oxidation and reduction because electrons are lost by one atom and gained by another one. Moreover, the reactants include an agent and a reducing agent always lost agent and gained by the oxidizing agent (Ebbing/Gammon, Section 4.5) Purpose You will begin by preparing aqueous solutions of three halogens: Cl2, Bra, and Iz. You will prepare these substances in solution from stoichiometric quantities of certain oxidizing and agents. By observing the effect ofthese halogens on the corresponding halides (CI,Br, and you will be able the halogens according to their oxidizing strengths and the halides according to their reducing strengths. Your subsequent observations on the reactions of two halides, Br and I with two common oxidizing agents will enable you to rank the latter according to their oxidizing strengths. You will also find that the products obtained from an oxidation-reduction reaction in an acidic solution can differ markedly from those obtained in a basic solution. Finally, and most important, you will write a balanced equation for each reaction that you have observed The Halogens and the Halides You will deal with halogens and halides in each part ofthis experiment. A brief description of some of their properties will enable you to understand some of your observations more easily. The halogens are found in Group VIIA of the periodic table. The members of this group are fluorine (F) chlorine (CI, bromine (B), iodine (i) and astatine these elements belong to the same 12, group, have many similar properties. For example, their elemental diatomic (F2.cl. Br2, they Atal, and each of them is an oxidizing agent. This experiment uses only Cl, Bra, and Iz, however, because F is such a strong oxidizing agent that special conditions are required for its study and because astatine is radioactive. Aqueous solutions ofcl, be prepared either by dissolving these elements in water or by generating them in Br, reactions. Aqueous solutions of these halogens are solution as products of certain oxidation-reduction respectively. Each called chlorine water, brominee and iodine thickness solution. has its own characteristic color, depending on the concentration and red-brown to water is colorless to yellow; bromine water is yellow to red-brown; and iodine water is brown These halogens are also soluble in cyclohexane (C6H12, a substance that is itselfinsoluble in water. layer When cyclohexane is added to an aqueous solution of a halogen, two layers are formed. The upper is cyclohexane, because it is insoluble and less dense than water. A portion of the halogen passes from the aqueous layer to the upper cyclohexane layer (a process called extraction). A characteristic color is then imparted to this layer. The color ofa halogen in cyclohexane differs somewhat from its color in an aqueous solution, as you will discover during the experiment. be scanned, copied or duplicated or possed toa publicly accessible webwie, iawhole or in Cengage Leaming All Rights Resened c 2013

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