L33 Psych 321 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Cardinality, Middle Age, Oral Stage
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A. causality it allows us to predict future, explain the past, and intervene in the present. In particular, because it cannot be directly perceived, causality is a difficult problem. Observations of events is what actually causes the understanding. By the end of the second year, they can infer the causal impact that one variable will have on another. Preschoolers do expect that causal relationships should have the same results for the same actions. 3 and 4-year-olds do(cid:374)"t u(cid:374)dersta(cid:374)d (cid:373)agi(cid:272) the(cid:455)"re a(cid:373)used, (cid:271)ut the(cid:455) do(cid:374)"t ask (cid:862)ho(cid:449) did the(cid:455) do that? (cid:863) By age 5, children are fascinated by magic tricks. Nati(cid:448)ists: i(cid:374)(cid:374)ate (cid:373)odule for lear(cid:374)i(cid:374)g a(cid:271)out spa(cid:272)e that"s separate fro(cid:373) other (cid:373)odules. Empiricists: spatial understanding is simply derived from experience. Spatial concepts are understood very early in life. O(cid:374)e"s (cid:373)o(cid:448)e(cid:373)e(cid:374)t i(cid:374) spa(cid:272)e (cid:272)a(cid:374) sti(cid:373)ulate the pro(cid:272)essi(cid:374)g of spatial information. The hippocampus is the brain area that is at play here. Coding or processing spatial information relative to oneself.
