CHM 11500

CHM 115 Lecture 1 IntroductionMajor Course Topics:What is the relationship between matter and energy?How humans harness energy (especially chemical energy) to do workHow human use of energy impacts the environmentHow ene...

CHM 115 Lecture 29 Material ChemistryBand TheoryIn a collection of atoms, there is a finite number of discrete energy levels available for the electrons of those atomsAs the number of atoms in the group increases so does...

CHM 115 - Lecture 28 - Crystal Structures Packing of Spheres ● Simple cubic unit cells have 52% packing efficiency ● Body centered cubic unit cells have 68% packing efficiency ● Face c...

CHM 155 - Lecture 27 - Crystal Structures Crystalline Solids ● When many liquids cool, they freeze to form crystalline solids ● Crystalline solids are solids in which the particles are arranged ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 26 - Biochemistry Carbohydrates ● Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of biological molecules ● Carbohydrates are built through photosynthesis ○ Photo...

CHM 115 - Lecture 22 Inter-molecular Forces and Formation of Solutions Intermolecular Forces ● Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction and repulsion between molecules ● ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 24 - Properties of Solutions Boiling Point ● The boiling point of a solution increases with increasing concentration ● The freezing point of a solution decreases with decreasing...

CHM 115 - Lecture 21 - Functional Groups Non-Carbon Atoms in Organic Molecules ● Organic molecules can contain other atoms besides carbon and hydrogen such as ○ Oxygen ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 25 - Biochemistry Lipids- Fats ● Fats are esters of carboxylic acids and glycerol ○ This means that carboxylic acids are connected to a glycerol molecule via ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 23 - Properties of Solutions Concentration ● Concentration is the amount of solute that is dissolved in a unit amount of solvent ○ Concentration = (amount of solute) / (am...

CHM 115 ­ Lecture 20 ­ Hydrocarbons    Contents of a Barrel of Oil    ● A barrel of oil contains a mixture of many different compounds that are separated  and turned into several different produc...

CHM 115 - Lecture 19 - Types of Bonds Sigma Bonds ● Sigma bonds are bonds that result from end-to-end overlap of orbitals of different atoms ● Have highest electron density along t...

CHM 115 - Lecture 18 - Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization Hybridization ● When forming bonds, atomic orbitals will rearrange and re-form to create hybrid orbitals that bond more easily ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 17 - VSEPR Theory VSEPR Theory ● Valence Shell Electron Repulsion Theory is a theory used for predicting the shapes of molecules ● VSEPR states that electron groups ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 16 - Resonance, Octet Rule Exceptions, and Formal Charge Resonance ● For some molecules, there are multiple correct Lewis structures that can be written to represent them ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 6 - Nuclear Chemistry Continued Nuclear Reactors ● Nuclear fission can occur in a chain reaction ● Begins with an initiation reaction ○ A high energy neutron co...

CHM 115 - Lecture 13 - Bonding Bonding ● Chemical bonds: forces that hold atoms together as compounds ● Three types of bonding ○ Ionic bonding - the attraction between positive a...

CHM 115 - Lecture 15 - Covalent Bonding, Bond Energies, and Lewis Structures Covalent Bonds ● Bond length and energy are correlated with the order of the bond ○ The higher the bond order, t...

CHM 115 - Lecture 3 - Continued Review and Nuclear Chemistry Chemical Equations ● Small letters in parentheses indicate phase ○ (s) solid ○ (l) liquid ○ ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 1 - Introduction Major Course Topics: ● What is the relationship between matter and energy? ● How humans harness energy (especially chemical energy) to do work ● How h...

CHM 115 - Lecture 10 - Quantum Theory Continued Electron Configurations ● Electron energies are quantized, this is what causes them to only inhabit constrained orbitals ● Electrons...

CHM 115 - Lecture 8 - Quantum Theory Properties of Waves ● Wavelength (λ) - the distance a wave travels in one cycle ○ Usually measured in nanometers (nm) ● Frequency (ν) - the n...

CHM 115 - Lecture 7 - Nuclear Chemistry Continued Nuclear Binding Energy ● Binding energy can be thought of as the energy holding nuclei together ● NBE is usually expressed in MeV (Mega-electron v...

CHM 115 - Lecture 5 - Nuclear Chemistry Cont. Nuclear Kinetics ● dN/dt = time rate of change of the number of decays occurring in a radioactive sample ● Rate equation ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 4 - Nuclear Chemistry Continued Definitions ● Nuclide: a specific atom of a specific isotope and element, has a certain amount of protons and neutrons ● Nucleon: ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 2 - Climate Change and Review Long Term Climate Change ● Glacier ice sublimes over the year, and this sublimation is temperature dependent ● Ice is made up of H2...

CHM 115 - Lecture 14 - Bonding Continued What Stabilizes Ionic Compounds? ● Electron transfer is an endothermic process, meaning it requires input energy to proceed ● Ionic compounds ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 11 - Periodic Trends Atomic Radii ● Because electron probability distributions extend infinitely, it is impossible to determine the atomic radius of a single atom, since it i...

CHM 115 - Lecture 9 - Quantum Theory Continued Bohr’s Planetary Model ● Modeled the atom in a manner similar to that of the solar system ● Electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular orbits ...

CHM 115 - Lecture 12 - Metallic vs. Nonmetallic Behavior Periodicity of Metallic Behavior ● Metallic behavior increases going from left to right on the periodic table ● Metallic b...