BIOB50H3 Lecture 12: Nutrient Cycles and Applied Ecology
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Use the following to answer question 13:
You are studying anthropogenic effects on a large river and estuary system. During your study, a dam is constructed near the mouth of the river, just upstream of the estuary, creating a reservoir. Most of the water that used to enter the ocean via the estuary is now held the reservoir and diverted for other uses. The reservoir is deep but has a small surface area.
13. | Suppose you are comparing changes at a specific location, site A, in order to understand how pre-dam conditions in the river compare to post-dam conditions. Site A is located just upstream from the dam construction site. This site was located in the middle of the river channel before dam construction, but is now in the middle of the reservoir. Use your knowledge of aquatic ecosystems to determine how water flow, ecosystem type, and nutrient levels of the habitat at site A would be affected by the construction of the dam. a) Compared to pre-dam conditions, how would the speed of the water movement at site A be affected by dam construction? b) Following dam construction, would you predict that the river ecosystem found at site A would likely change to a different type of ecosystem? If so, which type? c) How would nutrient levels at site A change following dam construction compared to nutrient levels at site A before dam construction? Why? |
1. Where does most chemical breakdown of carbohydrates occur? A. The stomach B. The small intestine C. The large intestine D. The mouth
2. The pancreas produces
A. | bicarbonate and enzymes. | |
B. | bile and enzymes. | |
C. | bicarbonate and bile. | |
D. | pepsin and bile. |
3. Bile participates in the digestion of ______. Its specific function is to ______.
A. | proteins . . . break down proteins into short polypeptides | |
B. | fats . . . emulsify fats | |
C. | fats . . . break down fats into glycerol and fatty acids | |
D. | starch . . . break down starch into maltose |
4. After chemical breakdown in the small intestine, nutrients are absorbed across the intestinal wall. Where do the nutrients go from there?
A. | Fats go into the bloodstream to the liver. Water soluble nutrients go into the lymphatic system. | |
B. | All nutrients go into the bloodstream to the liver. | |
C. | All nutrients go into the lymphatic system. | |
D. | Water soluble nutrients go into the bloodstream to the liver. Fats go into the lymphatic system. |
5. The enzyme pepsin is found in the ________ and functions to _______________.
A. | small intestine . . . break down carbohydrates | |
B. | stomach . . . partially break down proteins | |
C. | mouth . . . partially break down proteins | |
D. | stomach . . . break down carbohydrates |
6. The major function of the colon in digestion is to
A. | produce bile. | |
B. | break down fats. | |
C. | absorb most nutrients. | |
D. | reclaim water. |