BIO 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration, Oxaloacetic Acid

6 views5 pages

yalsa13

20 Dec 2021

School

NVCC, NOVA

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 101

Professor

For unlimited access to Textbook Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Aerobic respiration: consumes organic molecules & o2, yields atp: cellular respiration is mostly aerobic, anaerobic respiration is similar, but it consumes compounds other than o2, fermentation: partial breakdown of sugars that occurs without o2. Cells extract energy from glucose through the transfer of electrons during chem reactions. During cell resp : electrons are transferred from glucose to oxygen, energy is released. Redox (oxidation reduction) reaction: movement of e- from one molecule to another. What happens : oxidation: loss of e- from 1 sub; molecule is oxidized when it loses, reduction: gain of e- to another sub; molecule is reduced when it gains. *oilrig = oxidation is loss reduction is gain* **we typically see hydrogen moving around to represent this (since it only consists of 1 e)** How cells capture energy from electrons: glucose is oxidized (loses e-) through coenzyme nad+ who , accepts electrons. Atp"s more atp"s: with all phosphate having been taken, we"re left with 2.

Related Questions

Which of the following is common to both aerobic and anaerobicmicrobes?

	Fermentation
	An electron transport chain
	Pyruvate oxidation
	Glycolysis
	All of the above

The primary purpose of catabolism is

	generation of ADP.
	generation of ATP.
	oxidation of NADH to NAD⁺.
	degradation of organic molecules.
	biosynthesis.

What is a fate of pyruvate during alcoholic fermentation byyeast?

	It is reduced to lactic acid.
	It is oxidized to form glucose and carbon dioxide
	It is cleaved to form acetylaldehyde and carbon dioxide.
	It is catabolized in glycolysis.
	It is oxidized to form lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

Electrons needed to reduce an oxidized electron acceptor areprovided by

	a) externally provided compounds such asH<sub>2</sub>, lactate or formate.
	b) an intermediate electron carrier such as NADH.
	c) 0<sub>2</sub>.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

How are aerobic respiration and anaerobic respirationsimilar?

	Both use oxygen as a terminal electron carrier.
	These are other names for glycolysis.
	Both utilize inorganic molecules as terminal electronacceptors.
	Neither receives electrons from glycolysis.
	Anaerobic respiration does not exist in microbes.

The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP) topyruvate

	a) releases CO<sub>2</sub>.
	b) involves the conversion of ADP and ATP.
	c) involves substrate-level phosphorylation.
	d) Both a and b
	e) Both b and c

Which of the following is the best definition offermentation?

	The reduction of glucose to pyruvic acid
	The complete catabolism of glucose to CO₂ andH₂O
	The oxidation of a carbohydrate with organic molecules servingas electron donors and acceptors
	The production of ATP from glucose
	The production of ethanol from glucose

A reaction that yields energy has a

	positive ?G_o?.
	negative ?G_o?.
	positive ?E_o?.
	negative ?E_o?.
	negative ?H_o?.

Oxidation and reduction reactions are always coupledbecause

	a) electrons generally accompany protons.
	b) protons generally accompany protons.
	c) electrons cannot exist free in solution.
	d) Both a and b
	e) All of the above

10.

Which of the following is true of aerobic respiration?

	It involves the reduction of oxygen.
	It involves the oxidation of oxygen.
	It involves the reduction of lactic acid.
	It involves the oxidation of lactic acid.
	It does not generate ATP.

plumgnu195

What is substrate-level phosphorylation

? What is oxidative phosphorylation

? Explain how cellular respiration produces ATP from molecules with high potential energy, such as glucose

? Describe the four components of cellular respiration? What goes into each and comes out of each?

? What is fermentation? How are cellular respiration and fermentation regulated?

? Describe how fermentation operates in the absence of the electron transport chain?

? What does cellular respiration do? What is the chemical equation? ? What is the role of the electron carriers NADH and FADH2

? What is the final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration?

? What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

? What does the enzyme phosphofructokinase do and how is it regulated?

? What is acetyl CoA?

? Where do all of the processes involved in cellular respiration take place within the cell?

? What is ATP synthase and what is its role? ? What is cytochrome C and ubiquinone (Q)? What do these do?

? What is chemiosmosis and how does it generate ATP?

brownguinea-pig705

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

	A.	Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, and cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.
	B.	Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria.
	C.	Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria and in chloroplasts.

Question 2

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

	A.	They produce glucose
	B.	The energy is coupled to oxygen
	C.	They produce ATP

Question 3

During redox reactions

	A.	the loss of electrons from one molecule is called reduction
	B.	electrons are lost from one substance and added to another substance
	C.	protons from one molecule replace the electrons lost from another molecule

Question 4

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

	A.	gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen
	B.	loss of electrons; gain of electrons
	C.	gain of protons; loss of protons

Question 5

During cellular respiration, NADH

	A.	delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule.
	B.	is chemically converted into ATP
	C.	is the final electron acceptor

Question 6

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit

	A.	the citric acid cycle only.
	B.	glycolysis only
	C.	the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

	A.	glycolysis
	B.	the citric acid cycle
	C.	electron transport chain

Question 8

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

	A.	production of CO2
	B.	a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule
	C.	conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds

BIO 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration, Anaerobic Respiration, Oxaloacetic Acid

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Concepts of Biology

Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

BIO 101 Chapter Notes - Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Spectrum, Carbon Fixation, Light-Dependent Reactions

BIO 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Beta Oxidation, Coenzyme A, Anaerobic Respiration

BIOL 111 Chapter Notes - Chapter 9: Anaerobic Respiration, Cellular Respiration, Exergonic Reaction

Related Questions