PSY 1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: The Lancet, Pseudoscience, The Age
Document Summary
Relyingon thingspeoplesay theycanbemistaken or evendeliberately misleading theory as r hypothesis compare. Pseudoscience badscience comparetheory to result if youhave a mismatchmustchangethetheorynotthedata keytakeaways. Autismspectrumdisorder a neurodevelopmentalconditioncharacterized by persistentdeficits insocialcommunication restrictedorrepetitivepatternsofinterestorbehavior persistent widespread beliefthatautismconditions are causedbyvaccines. Arecentgalluppollshowed46 ofus residentsleast unsure if vaccinationcausesautism where didthisbeliefcomefrom. Thestudyreportedthatin asampleof 12children acorrelationbetweentheageofonsetofautism andtheage atwhich the firstdoseofthemmrvaccinewasadministered is. This is truebothinchildrenwhohaveanoldersiblingwithasd and thereforewho are athigherrisk riskabout 7 inthisstudyvaccinated or not and in childrenwithnooldersiblingwhohas an asddiagnosis riskabout. Thebeliefwasfueledbyastudyin a britishmedicaljournalin 1991reporting a correlationbetweenthe onsetofautismandtheadministration ofthemmr measlesmumpsandrubellavaccine. To establishaclaimthatonething i. e vaccinations causeanother i. e asd weneedthreethings. Even if thetimingisright organisms willoftenconnectsucheventsevenwhenthere is nocausallinkbetweenthem couldanotherfactorexplain thetiming this doesnot guaranteethesecondeventwascausedbythefirst. These mechanismsemerge in typicaldevelopmentsbetween 9 and 12 months childrenwith andwithoutaspmaylooksimilar at first. Asthe effects of theproblememerge itmaylooklike regression key takeaways. In thecaseofasd a failureinthemechanism thatunderliessocial understandingemergesataboutthesametimeasasd andat aboutthesametime mmristypicallyadministered. Leavingasidefraud wakefield thereareintensepressuresonscientiststopublishleadingtoabiasto findi a result ratherthan notfindanything. Individualstudiesoftenhavelimitations suchassmallsamplesize unconsciously making decisionsthatleadthemto findwhatthey want motivationalblast confirm whattheyexpectedto find.
