PCB 3023C Study Guide - Final Guide: Spindle Apparatus, Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Cyclin
19 Jun 2022
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Document Summary
Key events of stages of the m phase. Attachment of spindle microtubules to chromosomes: metaphase - alignment of the chromosomes at the spindle equator, anaphase - separation of sister chromatids. Anaphase is the shortest stage of the mitosis. During anaphase a, each chromosome is pulled to its respective pole as its kinetochore microtubules shorten. During anaphase b, the spindle poles are pushed further apart as interpolar microtubules lengthen. If cells attempt chromosome segregation before all chromosomes have attached properly, some of the daughter cells will receive too few chromosomes (and thus will probably die) and other cells will receive additional chromosomes. Normally, cells use such a surveillance system to monitor the spindle attachment of each chromosome and engage molecular brakes until all chromosomes have attached properly. The molecular brakes will be dispensable in some dividing cells if all of the chromosomes rapidly become properly attached to the spindle.
