PHY3111 Study Guide - Final Guide: Spinal Disc Herniation, Relapsing Polychondritis, Robertsonian Translocation
Document Summary
Osteoarthritis: cartilage covering bones (hyaline) particularly @ stress joints thins over time, resulting in a bone against bone joint, leading to reduced motion & pain. Achondroplasia: reduced proliferation of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate of long bones, resulting in dwarfism. Spinal disc herniation: asymmetrical compression of the intervertebral disc ruptures the sac-like disc, leading to compression of and pain from adjacent nerves. Autoimmune-associated cartilage destruction, especially of nose & ears = disfiguration. Benign tumours: enchondroma (tumour growth occurs within the bone and expands it), & ecchondroma (grows outward from the bone - less common) Malignant tumours (cancer): chondrosarcoma (2nd most frequent malignant tumour of bone), treatment is amputation. Hyaline cartilage has no blood supply, so new matrix deposition is slow. Damaged hyaline cartilage is usually replaced by fibrocartilage scar tissue, = loss of function. 5% of ds cases: caused by chromosomal translocation (can be inherited).
