BIOL 112 Study Guide - Pantothenic Acid, Pyruvic Acid, Pea
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1. What types of biological macromolecules are most cell walls and extracellular matrices composed of? (Choose ALL correct answers)
[] | proteins |
[] | nucleic acids |
[] | lipids |
[] | carbohydrates |
2. What is a "second messenger"?
a. | a protein that phosphorylates another substrate |
b. | a molecule that is produced or released intracellularly as a result of receptor activation |
c. | a signaling molecule that is released extracellularly |
d. | GTP |
3. How can the activation of a protein kinase be important in signal transduction?
a. | kinases bind to receptors to prevent the signal from binding the receptor |
b. | kinases prevent signal amplification by ensuring other proteins are not active |
c. | kinases can activate or deactivate existing proteins by phosphorylation |
d. | kinases are secreted by the cell as a signaling molecule |
Which of the following statements about receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and cytokine signaling is FALSE?
A. | Both activate a tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates down-stream targets | |
B. | The receptor is phosphorylated on multiple tyrosine residues upon activation | |
C. | Phosphotyrosine phosphatases are the primary method of down-regulation of both signaling types | |
D. | Dimerization of both receptor types is required for kinase activation |