BSC 283 Chapter Notes -Noncoding Dna, Cell Envelope, Inner Membrane

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stephanie-coleman

18 Oct 2022

School

USM, Southern Miss

Department

BSC - Biological Sciences

Course

BSC 283

Professor

Cynthia Littlejohn

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Document Summary

A cell"s structure contributes to the disease potential of pathogens and offer targets for new antibiotics. Protects cell and cell membrane from outside hazards. Can act as a target for drugs. Comlex cell envelope (membrane, wall, and outer structures) Protects the cell from environmental and outside hazards. Helps pathogen reproduce quickly and outrace host response. A single molecule that surrounds the cell like a cage. Rigid mesh like structure called peptidoglycan covers the cell wall. Gram-negative bacteria have a cell wall made of a single layer of peptidoglycan. Have an outer membrane and inner membrane. Inner membrane is between the outer and the cell membrane. Inner membrane also called periplasm- contains proteins such as sugar transporters. Outer membrane made up of lipopolysaccharides (lps) - lipids attached to a sugar chain. Lps acts as a defensive barrier because it"s thick and slippery. Slippery quality prevents white blood cells from performing phagocytosis.

Related Questions

Fungi from the genus Penicillium produce the antibiotic penicillin which targets bacterial cell wall synthesis. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes candidasis in humans. This microorganism does have a cell wall but we cannot use penicillin to treat this infection. Explain why

1.You are working in a laboratory producing new antibiotics for human and veterinary use. One compound with potential value inhibits the action of prokaryotic ribosomes. The compound, however, was shown to inhibit the growth of animal cells in culture. What is one possible explanation for its effect on animal cells?

2. A research laboratory in pharmaceutical company is studying environmental factors that would inhibit the growth of Archaea. One question they have is if adding of antibiotic penicillin would be effective in controlling their growth. Explain to your best knowledge the probable results of an experiment in which penicillin is added to a culture of Archaea?

3. Most medically used antibiotics interfere with either peptidoglycan synthesis or ribosome function. Why do you think the cytoplasmic (cell) membrane would be a POOR target for antibacterial medications?

Compare and describe the following Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell structure/functions:

a. General Characteristics:

b. Size:

c. Cell Division:

d. Structures:

e. Cell Membrane:

f. Nucleus:

g. Functions:

h. Transport:

Why is the clinical setting such an ideal environment for the emergence of antibiotic –resistant bacteria or pathogens?

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BSC 283 Chapter Notes -Noncoding Dna, Cell Envelope, Inner Membrane

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